
Book - U--' t 



CONFIDENTIAL 

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 



DECLARATIONS OF WAR 



SEVERANCES OF DIPLOMATIC 
RELATIONS 



1914-1918 




/ 



WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1919 



'■ 

CONFIDENTIAL 

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 



i),s. JUL!. »\ sVafc, 

DECLARATIONS OF WAR 



SEVERANCES OF DIPLOMATIC 
RELATIONS 

"7X1 



1914-1918 




WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1919 



7] 5^5 



97 ** 3, 
MAH 8 1920 



, 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



I. Chart of international relations in the war 3 

II. Declarations of war : 

Alphabetical list ' 5. 

( !hronological list g. 

III. Severances of diplomatic relations : 

Alphabetical list 9 

Chronological list ._ 9 

IV. Declarations of war, documents: 

Austria-Hungary 11 

Brazil 13 

Bulgaria 13 

China IS 

Cost Rica 21 

Cuba 23 

France 24 

Germany 27 

Great Britain 33 

Greece 35 

Guatemala 38 

Haiti 39 

Honduras 39 

Italy 39> 

Japan 49 

Liberia 50 

Montenegro 52 

Nicaragua 52 

Panama 53 

Portugal 54 

Roumania * 55 

Russia 58 

Serbia 59 

Siam 59 

Turkey 60 

United States 65 

V. Severances of diplomatic relations, documents : 

Austria-Hungary 73 

Belgium 75 

Bolivia 7$ 

Brazil 77 

China 78 

Costa Rica 79 

Ecuador 80 

in 



IV CONTENTS. 

V. Severances of diplomatic relations, documents— Continued. Page. 

France SI 

Germany S3 

Great Britain S3 

Greece 84 

Guatemala So 

Haiti 86 

Honduras 87 

Japan 88 

Liberia 88 

Montenegro 89 

Nicaragua 90 

Peru 90 

Roumania 02 

Russia 92 

Turkey 05 

United States 96 

Uruguay 08 

I 



CHART OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE WAR. 

[Key: W, war; S, severance of diplomatic relations: N, neutrality.] 



Argentine Republic. 

Belgium 

Bolivia 

Brazil 

Chile 

China 

Colombia 

Costa Rica 

Cuba 

Denmark 

Dominican Republic 

Ecuador 

France 

Great Britain 

<!reece 

(Jimfemala 

Haiti 

Honduras 

Italy 

Japan 

Liberia 

Luxemburg 

Mexico 

Montenegro 

Netherlands 

Nicaragua 

Norway 

Panama ".. 

Paraguay 

Persia 

Peru 

Portugal 

Roumania 

Russia 

Salvador 

San Marino 

Serbia 

Siam 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

United States 

Uruguay 

Venezuela 



Germany. 



N 
W 
s 
W 

N 

w 

N 
W 

w 

N 

N 
S 

\v 
w 



N 
N 

S 

N 
W 
N 

W 

N 
N 

s 
AY 
W 

w 

N 
N 
W 

w 

N 
N 
N 
W" 

S 

N 



Austria- 
Hungary. 



N 
W 
N 
N 
N 
W 
N 
N 
W 
N 
N 
N 
W 
AY 
s 
N 
N 
N 
YV 
S 
N 
N 
X 

N 
W 

N 
W 
X 
N 
N 
s 

W 
W 
N 
N 
W 

N 
N 
N 
W 

N 
N 



Bulgaria. 



Turkey. 



N 

N 
N 
N 
N 
N 
N 
N 
N 
X 
N 
N 
W 

w 
w 

N 
N 
N 
W 
N 
N 
N 
N 
N 
N 
X 
N 
N 
X 
X 
N 
N 
W 
\~7 
N 
N 

N 
X 
N 
N 

N 
X 
N 



N 
s 
N 
N 
N 
N 
N 
X 
X 
X 
N 
N 
W 

w 

s 
N 
N 
N 
W 
N 
N 
X 
X 

w 

X 

X 
X 
X 
N 
N 
N 
X 

v: 

x 

X 

N 
N 
N 
N 

s 
N 

N 



(3) 



DECLARATIONS OF WAR. 



ALPHABETICAL LIST. 

Austria-Hungary vs. Belgium 22 August, 1914 11 

Austria-Hungary vs. Montenegro 9 August, 1914 11 

12 
12 



Austria-Hungary vs. Russia 6 August, 1914 . 

Austria-Hungary vs. Serbia 28 July, 1914. 



Brazi1 -; vs. Germany 26 October, 1917 13 

Bulgaria vs. Roumania 1 September, 1916 

Bulgaria vs. Serbia 14 October, 1915. . 

China vs. Austria-Hungary 14 August, 1917 

China vs. Germany 14 August, 1917 . . . 

Costa Rica vs. Germany 23 May, 1918 

Cuba vs. Austria-Hungary 16 December, 1917. 

Cuba vs. Germany 7 April, 1917 

France vs. Austria-Hungary 12 August, 1914 

France vs. Bulgaria 16 October, 1915. . . 

France vs. Germany a August, 1914 

France vs. Turkey / 5 November, 1914. 

Germany vs. Belgium 4 August, 1914 27 

Germany vs. France 3 August, 1914 29> 

Germany vs. Portugal 9 March, 1916 30 

Germany vs. Roumania 28 August, 1916 31 

Germany vs. Russia 1 August, 1914 31 

Great Britain vs. Austria-Hungary 12 August, 1914 . 

Great Britain vs. Bulgaria 15 October, 1915 . 



13 

16 

16 

19- 

21 

23 

23 

24 

25 

25 

26 



33 
33 



Great Britain vs. Germany > 4 August, 1914 34«« 

Great Britain vs. Turkey : 5 November, 1914 35 

Greece vs. Bulgaria 23 November, 1916 35 

(Provisional Govt.) 

Greece vs. Bulgaria 2 July, 1917 38 

(Govt, of Alexander.) 

Greece vs. Germany 23 November, 1916 38 

(Provisional Govt.) 

Greece vs. Germany 2 July, 1917 38 

(Govt, of Alexander.) 

Guatemala vs. Germany 20 April, 1918 38 

Haiti vs. Germany 12 July, 1918 39 

Honduras '. . . .vs. Germany 19 July, 1918 39 

Italy vs. Austria-Hungary 24 May, 1915 39 « 

Ital y vs. Bulgaria 19 October, 1915 45^( 

Ital J r vs. Germany 28 August, 1916 46 

(5) 



Italy - - -vs. Turkey 21 August, 1915 

Japan vs. Germany 23 August, 1914 

Liberia vs. Germany 4 August, 1917 

Montenegro '. vs. Austria-Hungary 7 August, 1914 

Nicaragua vs. Austria-Hungary 6 May, 1918 

Nicaragua vs. Germany 6 May, 1918 

Panama vs. Austria-Hungary 10 December, 1917 

Panama vs. Germany 7 April, 1917 

Portugal ."vs. Germany 23 November, 1914 

(Resolution authorizing intervention as an ally of England.) 
Portugal vs. Germany 19 May, 1915 note, 

(Military aid granted.) 
Roumania vs. Austria-Hungary 27 August, 1916 

(Allies of Austria-Hungary considered it a declaration of war. ) 

Russia vs. Bulgaria 19 October, 1915 

Russia. vs. Turkey 3 November, 1914 

Serbia vs. Bulgaria 14 October, 1915 

Serbia vs. Germany 6 August, 1914 

Serbia vs. Turkey 8 January, 1915 

Siam vs. Austria-Hungary 22 July, 1917 

Siam vs. Germany 22 July, 1917 

Turkey vs. Roumania 29 August, 1916 

Turkey (Holy war) vs. Allies 11 November, 1914 

United States vs. Austria-Hungary 7 December, 1917 

United States vs. Germany 6 April, 1917 



Page. 
47 
49 
50 
51 
51 
51 
52 
52 
53 

53 

54 

' 57 
57 
58 
58 
58 
58 
58 
59 
59 
64 
67 



CHRONOLOGICAL LIST. 



1914. 



2S July Austria-Hungary vs. Serbia. 

1 August Germany vs. Russia. 

3 August France vs. Germany. 

3 August Germany vs France. 

4 August •. Germany vs. Belgium. 

4 August Great Britain vs. Germany. 

6 August Austria-Hungary vs. Russia. 

6 August Serbia vs. Germany. 

7 August Montenegro vs. Austria-Hungary. 

8 August Austria-Hungary vs. Montenegro. 

9 August Montenegro vs. Germany. 

12 August (midnight) France vs. Austria-Hungary. 

12 August (midnight) Great Britain vs. Austria-Hungary. 

22 August Austria-Hungary vs. Belgium. 

(Received by Belgium 28 August.) 

23 August Japan vs. Germany. 

29 October France vs. Turkey. 

3 November Russia vs. Turkey. 

5 November Great Britain vs. Turkey. 



1914. 

11 November Turkey vs. Allies. 

(Spoke of it as a holy 
war against Serbia and 
her allies— France, Great 
Britain, Russia.) 

23 November Portugal vs. Germany. 

(Resolution passed au- 
thorizing invervention as 
an ally of England.) 
1915. 

8 January Serbia vs. Turkey. 

(Treaties declared ter- 
minated from 1 December, 
1914.) 

19 May Portugal vs. Germany. 

(Military aid granted. I 

24 May Italy vs. Austria-Hungary. 

21 August Italy vs. Turkey. 

14 October Bulgaria vs. Serbia. 

14 October Serbia vs. Bulgaria. 

15 October Great Britain vs. Bulgaria. 

16 October France vs. Bulgaria. 

19 October Russia vs. Bulgaria. 

19 October Italy vs. Bulgaria. 

1916. 

9 March Germany vs. Portugal . 

27 August Roumania vs. Austria-Hungary. 

(Allies of Austria also 
considered it a declaration 
of war.) 

28 August Germany vs. Roumania. 

28 August Italy vs. Germany. 

29 August Turkey vs. Roumania. 

1 September Bulgaria vs. Roumania. 

24 November Greece (Provisional Government) - - vs. Germany. 

1917. 

6 April United States vs. Germany. 

7 April Cuba vs. Germany. 

7 April Panama vs. Germany. 

2 July Greece (Government of Alexander) - - vs. Bulgaria. 

2 July Greece (Government of Alexander) - -vs. Germany. 

22 July '. Siam vs. Austria-Hungary. 

22 July Siam vs. Germany. 

4 August Liberia vs. Germany. 

14 August China vs. Austria-Hungary. 

14 August China vs. Germany. 

26 October Brazil vs. Germany. 

7 December United States vs. Austria-Hungary. 

10 December Panama vs. Austria-Hungary. 

16 December Cuba vs. Austria-Hungary. 



1918. 
20 April Guatemala vs. Germany. 

7 May Nicaragua vs. Germany. 

8 May Nicaragua vs. Austria-Hungary. 

23 May Costa Rica vs. Germany. . 

12 July Haiti vs. Germany. 

19 July Honduras vs. Germany, 



SEVERANCES OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS. 



ALPHABETICAL LIST. 

Page. 

Austria-Hungary vs. Japan 24 August, 1914 73 

Austria-Hungary vs. Portugal 15 March, 1916 73 

Austria-Hungary vs. Serbia 25 July, 1914 74 

Austria-Hungary vs. United States 8 April, 1917 75 

Belgium vs. Germany 4 August, 1914 75 

Bolivia vs. Germany 13 April, 1917 76 

Brazil vs. Germany 11 April, 1917 77 

China vs. Germany 14 March, 1917 78 

Costa Rica vs. Germany 21 September, 1917 . . 79 

Ecuador vs. Germany 7 December, 1917 . . 80 

France vs. Austria-Hungary 10 August, 1914 81 

France vs. Turkey 30 October, 1914. ... 82 

Germany vs. Italy 23 May, 1915 83 

Germany vs. Japan 23 August, 1914 83 

Great Britain vs. Bulgaria 13 October, 1915 83 

Great Britain vs. Turkey 30 October, 1914 84 

Greece vs. Austria-Hungary 2 July, 1917 84 

Greece vs. Germany 29 June, 1917 84 

Greece vs. Turkey 2 July, 1917 85 

Guatemala vs. Germany 27 April, 1917 85 

Haiti vs. Germany 16 June, 1917 86 

Honduras vs. Germany 17 May, 1917 87 

Japan vs. Austria-Hungary 25 August, 1914 88 

Liberia vs. Germany 5 May, 1917 88 

Montenegro vs. Germany 9 August, 1914 89 

Nicaragua vs. Germany 18 May, 1917 90 

Peru vs. Germany 5 October, 1917 90 

Roumania vs. Bulgaria -. .30 August, 1916 92 

Russia vs. Bulgaria 5 October, 1915 92 

Russia vs. Roumania 28 January, 1918 93 

Russia vs. Turkey 30 October, 1914 94 

Turkey vs. Belgium 6 November, 1914. . 95 

Turkey vs. United States 20 April, 1917 96 

United States vs. Germany 3 February, 1917 ... 96 

Uruguay vs. Germany 7 October, 1917 98 

CHRONOLOGICAL LIST. 

26 July, 1914 Austria-Hungary vs. Serbia. 

4 August, 1914 Belgium vs. Germany. 

9 August, 1914 Montenegro vs. Germany. 

(9) 



10 

10 August, 1914 France vs. Austria-Hungary. 

23 August, 1914 Germany vs. Japan 

24 August, 1914 Austria-Hungary vs. Japan. 

25 August, 1914 Japan vs. Austria-Hungary. 

30 October, 1914 Great Britain vs. Turkey. 

30 October, 1914 France vs. Turkey. 

30 October, 1914 Russia vs. Turkey. 

6 November, 1914 Turkey vs. Belgium. 

23 May, 1915 Germany vs. Italy. 

5 October, 1915 Russia vs. Bulgaria. 

13 October, 1915 Great Britain vs. Bulgaria. 

15 March, 1916 Austria-Hungary ..vs. Portugal. 

30 August, 1916 Roumania vs. Bulgaria. 

3 February, 1917 United States vs. Germany. 

14 March, 1917 China vs. Germany. 

8 April, 1917 Austria-Hungary vs. United States. 

11 April, 1917 Brazil vs. Germany. 

13 April, 1917 Bolivia vs. Germany. 

20 April, 1917 Turkey vs. United States. 

27 April, 1917 Guatemala vs. Germany. 

5 May, 1917 Liberia vs. Germany. 

17 May, 1917 Honduras vs. Germany. 

18 May, 1917 Nicaragua vs. Germany. 

16 June, 1917 Haiti vs. Germany. 

29 June, 1917 Greece vs. Germany. 

2 July, 1917 Greece vs. Austria-Hungary. 

2 July, 1917 Greece vs. Turkey. 

21 September, 1917 Costa Rica vs. Germany. 

5 October, 1917 Peru vs. Germany. 

7 October, 1917 Uruguay vs. Germany.. 

7 December, 1917 Ecuador vs. Germany. 

28 January, 1918 Russia vs. Roumania. 



DECLARATIONS OF WAR. 



AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY against BELGIUM. 

Declaration of war against Belgium, 22 August, 1914- 

[Austro-Hungarian Bed Book. LXVII : sec also Belgian Gray Book, Xo. 77, under date 
of reception, 28 August. 1914.] 

Count Berchtold to Count Clary. Brussels. 

[Telegram.] 

Vienna, 22 August. 1914. 

I request } t ou to inform the royal Belgian minister of foreign 
affairs without delay, as follows : 

By order of my Government I have the honor to notify you, as 
follows : 

In view of the fact that Belgium, having refused to accept the propositions 
addressed to her on several occasions by Germany, is now in military coopera- 
tion with France and Great Britain, both of which have declared war on 
Austria-Hungary; and in view of the recently established fact that Austrian 
and Hungarian subjects resident in Belgium have, under the eyes of the royal 
authorities, been treated in a manner contrary to the most primitive laws of 
humanity, and inadmissible even toward subjects of a hostile State, Austria- 
Hungary is necessarily compelled to break off diplomatic relations and con- 
siders herself from now on in a state of war with Belgium. 

I leave the country with the staff of the legation and place the subjects of 
my country under the protection of the minister of the United States of 
America in Belgium. 

The Imperial and Royal Government has handed his passports to Count 
Errembault de Dudzeele. 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY against MONTENEGRO. 

There seems to be no formal declaration of war. The following 
is from the London Times. 12 August. 191 4. p. 6. c: 

[London Times, Aug. 12, 1014, p. 6, c] 

Nam, 9 August, 1914. 

The Montenegrin Government has handed the German minister 
his passports, and hostilities with Austria began yesterday. The 
Austrian fleet has bombarded Antivari. 

(11) 



12 AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY against RUSSIA. 

Declaration of war against Russia, 6 p. m., 6 August, 191b. 1 

[Austro-Hungarian Red Book, LIX ; see also Russian Orange Book, No. 79.] 

Count Berchtold' to Count Szapary, St. Petersburg. 

[Telegram.] 

Vienna. J August. 101 4. 
You are instructed to hand the following note to the minister of 
foreign affairs: 

By order of his Government the undersigned ambassador of Austria-Hungary 

has the honor to notify his excellency the Russian, minister of foreign affairs 
as follows : 

" In view of the threatening attitude assumed by Russia in the conflict be 
tween the AustrO-Hungarian monarchy and Serbia, and in view of the fact that, 
in consequence of this conflict and according to a communication of the Berlin 
cabinet. Russia has considered it necessary to open hostilities against Germany ; 
furthermore, in view of the fact that the latter consequently has entered into 
a state of war wirh the former power. Austria-Hungary considers herself 
equally in a state of war with Russia.*' 

After having presented this note you will ask for the return of 
your passports and take your departure without delay accompanied 
by the entire staff of the embassy, with the sole exception of those 
officials who may have to remain. 

Simultaneously passports are being handed to M. Schebeko. 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY against SERBIA. 

Declaration of tear against Serbia, noon, 28 July, 191b. 

[Austro-Hungarian Red Book XXXVII ; see also Serbian Blue Book, No. 45.] 
Count Berchtold to the Royal Serbian Foreign Office, Belgrade. 

[Telegram.] 

Vienna, 28 Ally, 191b. 

The Royal Serbian Government having failed to give a satis- 
factory reply to the note which was handed to it by the Austro- 
Hungarian minister in Belgrade on 23 July, 1914, the Imperial and 
Royal Government is compelled to protect its own rights and inter- 
ests by a recourse to armed force. 

Austria-Hungary, therefore, considers herself from now on to be- 
in state of war with Serbia. 

1 Presented to the Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs on 6 Aug., 1914, at 6 p. m: 
(Russian Orange Book, No. 79.) 



BRAZIL BULGARIA. 1& 

BRAZIL. 

BRAZIL against GERMANY. 

Declaration of war against Germany, 26 October, 1917. 

[Official United States Bulletin, No. 145, p. 6.] 

The Department of State has been informed that, at 6.20 o'clock 
Friday afternoon, the Brazilian Senate unanimously voted the fol- 
lowing- resolution which had been approved by the Chamber at 3 
o'clock : 

A state of war between Brazil and the German Empire, provoked by the- 
latter, is hereby recognized and proclaimed, and the President of the Republic, 
in accordance with the request contained in his message to the National Con- 
gress, is hereby authorized to take such steps for the national defense and 
public safety as he shall consider adequate, to open the necessary credits and 
to authorize the credit operations required. All previous measures to the 
contrary are hereby revoked. 



BULGARIA. 

BULGARIA against ROUMANIA. 

Declaration of war against Roumania, 1 September, 1916. 

[Revue (Jenerale de Droit International Public, Documents, 23:199.] 

M. Radoslavoff, President of the Council of Bulgaria, to the Roumanian 

Minister at Sofia. 

I have had the honor to indicate during the last months to the/ 
royal legation of Roumania, either by notes verbales or by letters 
addressed to your excellency, or in his absence to M. Langa-Rascano,. 
charge d'affaires, the very numerous incidents which have constantly 
held on the alert the troops charged with surveillance of the Rou- 
mano-Biilgarian frontier. 

These incidents.. more and more frequent, always provoked from 
the Roumanian side, in spite of the more than correct attitude of 
the Bulgarian authorities and in spite of the assurances and protesta- 
tions of friendship given by the Roumanian legation, have ended by 
bringing to light intentions which the Bulgarian Government has 
hesitated to suppose of its neighbor, the recent past not having been 
sufficient to make them forget the sentiments of lively sympathy of 
the Bulgarian people toward Roumania. These sentiments date 
from a distant past, and in the recent past of which I speak your 
excellency has not forgotten the Balkan war of 1912-13, in which 
Roumania profited by the bloody trial which the Bulgarian people 
were enduring to seize from them, when they were struggling for 



14 BULGARIA. 

their existence, a strip of territory, thus manifesting a tenacious ill 
will which nothing can justify. 

The peace of Bucharest followed, which imposed on Bulgaria 
most heavy sacrifices. Nevertheless she was resigned and wished to 
offer to her neighbor the hand of friendship. She was disappointed 
in her hopes. Since then evidences of animosity have continued 
without intermission. There was first the attitude of the Roumanian 
press, which overflowed with insults to Bulgaria and her sovereign: 
the endless difficulties over the transit of merchandise destined to 
Bulgaria ; the refusal to deliver, in spite of regular contracts, prod- 
ucts of prime necessity purchased in Roumania — salt, petrol, etc. 
There are the vexations to which the Bulgarians are exposed who 
live in Roumania or only cross its territory ; the closure of the 
frontier on 13 July to merchandise and travelers from and to Bul- 
garia ; the protests which the royal legation of Roumania at Sofia 
made with the greatest energy on the subject of pretended incidents 
provoked by the Bulgarian frontier guards, incidents which had 
never taken place such as that of Rahovo. in reference to which I 
had the honor to write your excellency on the 15th of August, and 
M. Rascano on the 21st of the same month. 

To the incessant frontier incidents, but of a character more or less 
mild, succeeded genuine battles, organized by Roumanian detach- 
ments against the Bulgarian frontier posts. Post Xo. 9, to the east of 
Kemanlar, was attacked on the night of 25-26 August. Posts Nos. 
10 and 13 \yere attacked at the same time. There Ave re indeed veritable 
operations of Avar which the Roumanian troops carried on at the 
frontier: the bombardment of Kaldovo on the 28th of August, and 
that of Rousse the same day : the 29th of August a Roumanian de- 
tachment opened heavy fire on a Bulgarian post situated opposite 
them, and soon after the fire extended along the frontier line up to 
Bulgarian Post No. 17. 

Similarly, on the shores of the Black Sea the Roumanian frontier 
guards vigorously attacked the Bulgarian posts and Avere repulsed. 
Finally M. Radeff has been forbidden, since 28 August, to communi- 
cate with his Government. His passports Avere sent to him without 
the Bulgarian Government having been able to giA~e him at any time 
instructions with reference to an eventual rupture of relations. On 
the 30th it Was your excellency avIio demanded his passports and 
notified of the rupture of diplomatic relations as the natural conse- 
quence of the event which had preceded. 

In the meantime, on the night of the 30th-31st, without an express 
declaration of war, the Roumanian Army tried to construct a bridge 
over the Danube before Kaldovo and to cross the river in this place. 
Your excellency understands what is then the solution desired by the 
Roumanian Government, and Which is compelled by the turn of 



BULGARIA. • 15 

•events. The situation being given, as that Government has created it, 
Bulgaria is obliged to accept the fait accompli, and I have the honor, 
M. Minister, to bring to the knowledge of your excellency that from 
this morning it considers itself in a state of war with Roumania. 
Accept the assurance of my highest consideration. 

Proclamation of /rap against Rdumania, 1/lJ/. September. 1916. 

[Revue G6n6rale de Droit International Public, Documents. 23:200.] 

Bulgarians! In 1913, after the termination of the Balkan war, 
when the Bulgarians were obliged to light against their disloyal 
allies, our northern neighbor, Roumania. treacherously attacked us 
under pretense of a breach of the balance of power in the Balkans, 
and invaded the undefended portions of our fatherland without 
meeting resistance there. By this predatory invasion of our terri- 
tory, she not only prevented us from harvesting the holy fruits of 
the war but also succeeded, as a result of the peace of Bucharest, 
in humiliating us and depriving us of our dear Dobrudja, the 
nucleus of our Kingdom. Obeying my orders, our brave army fired 
not a single shot against the Roumanian soldier, and allowed him 
to gain a sorry military fame of which he has not dared to boast 
till now. 

Bulgarians! To-day. Bulgaria, with the assistance of the brave 
croops of our allies, has succeeded in repulsing Serbia's attack on 
our territory, in defeating Serbia and in destroying her, and in 
realizing the unity of the Bulgarian people ; for to-day, Bulgaria is 
mistress of almost all the territory over which she has historical and 
ethnological claims; to-day, this self-same neighbor Roumania has 
declared war on our ally Austria-Hungary, this time also under the 
pretense that the European war involves important territorial 
changes in the Balkans which would menace her future. 

Without any declaration of war from Bulgaria, Roumanian troops 
had already on 28 August bombarded Rustchuk, Swistow, and other 
Bulgarian Danube towns. Owing to this provocation by Roumania, 
I command our brave army to chase the enemy from the frontiers 
of my Kingdom, to destroy this violent neighbor, to secure the unity 
of the Bulgarian people, which was achieved at the cost of so many 
sacrifices, and to free our brothers in the Dobrudja from slavery. 
We will fight hand in hand with the brave and victorious troops of 
all the powers who are our allies. 

I hope the Bulgarian nation will accomplish new glorious d<eds 
of heroism to crown the work of liberation. May the Bulgarian 
soldiers go on from victory to victory. Forward ! May God bless 
our arms ! 

92838—19 2 



1 6 CHINA. 

BULGARIA against SERBIA. 

Notification of existence of war with Serbia, 14 October, 1915. 

M. Radoslavoff to American Minister. 
I From a despatch to the Department of State.] 

Mr. Minister: The -29th and 30th of this September (the 12th and 
13th October, new style), Serbian troops violating Bulgarian terri- 
tory, attacked the Royal troops in the regions of Kustendil, of Trn 
and of Belogradtchik, thus putting them under the obligation of de- 
fending the national territory ; some engagements took place followed 
by fierce encounters which are still continuing, and in the course of 
which about 70 soldiers fell upon the field of battle on the Bulgarian 
side, and more than 500 were wounded. 

Under these conditions and in consideration of the above-men- 
tioned violation and the attack deliberately directed against the 
Kingdom, I have the honor to inform your excellency, in accordance 
with Article 2 of the convention relative to the opening of hostilities 
adopted by the Second Hague Conference, that, from to-day, the 
14th October, at 8 o'clock in the morning. Bulgaria finds herself 
in a state of war with Serbia. During the entire duration of the 
hostilities which have just commenced, Bulgaria will observe scrupu- 
lously, upon the condition of reciprocity, be it well understood, the 
Red Cross Convention of Geneva as well as the convention con- 
cerning laws and customs of land warfare adopted by The Hague 
Convention of 181)9 and 1907. 

Please receive, Mr. Minister, the assurance of my high consider- 
ation. 

(Signed) Dr. V. Radoslavoff. 



CHINA. 

CHINA against AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 

Declaration of war against Austria-Hungary, K> a. m., 14 August, 

1917. 

[Official documents relating to the war, Chinese Foreign Office, 1917: 17.] 

Peking, 14th August, 1917. 

Your Excellency: On 9th February last the Chinese Government 
addressed a protest to the German Government against the policy of 
submarine warfare inaugurated by the central European powers, 
which was considered by the Chinese Government as contrary to the 
established principles of public international law and imperiling 
Chinese lives and property. 

The Chinese Government, considering its protest to be ineffectual. 
later notified the German Government, on 14th March last, of the 



CHINA. 17 

severance of diplomatic relations with Germany, which fact was duly 
communicated to your excellency. 

As the policy inaugurated by the central European powers — a 
policy contrary to public international law and violating the prin- 
ciples of humanity — remains unmodified, the Chinese Government, 
actuated by the desire to maintain international law and protect 
Chinese lives and property, can not remain indifferent indefinitely. 

Inasmuch as Austria-Hungary is acting in this matter in concert 
with Germany, the Chinese Government is unable to adopt a differ- 
ent attitude toward them, and therefore now declares that a state of 
war exists between China and Austria-Hungary from 10 o'clock a. m. 
of the 14th day of the eighth month of the sixth year of the Republic 
of China. In consequence thereof the treaty of 2d September, 1869, 
and all other treaties, conventions, and agreements of whatever 
nature at present in force between China and Austria -Hungary are 
abrogated, as also all such provisions of the protocol of 7th Septem- 
ber, 1901, and other similar international agreements as only con- 
cern China and Austria-Hungary. China, however, declares that 
she will conform to the provisions of The Hague conventions and 
other international agreements respecting the humane conduct of 
war. 

Besides telegraphing to the Chinese minister at Vienna to inform 
the Austro-Hungarian Government and to apply for his passport, 
I have the honor to send you herewith passports for your excellency, 
the members of the Austro-Hungarian legation, and their families 
and retinue for protection w^hile leaving Chinese territory. With 
regard to consular officers of Austria-Hungary in China, this min- 
istry has instructed the different commissioners of foreign affairs to 
issue them likewise passports for leaving the country. 

I avail, etc. (Signed) Wang Ta-hsieh:. 

To His Excellency Dr. A. vox Bosthorn, 

Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 

Plenipotentiary of Austria-Hungary } 

1 The Austro-Hungarian minister replied as follows : 

Peking, I'/tli August, 1917. 

Youk Excellency : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your note of to-day 
of the following tenor : 

(Here follows text of Chinese note above.! 

I can not here enter into the arguments contained in the declaration of war, but feel 
bound to state that I must consider this declaration as unconstitutional and illegal, seeing 
that, according to so high an authority as the. former President Li Yuan-hung, such a 
declaration requires the approbation of both Houses of Parliament. 

His Excellency, Wang Ta-hsieh, Minister of Foreign Affairs. 

The Chinese Government returned this communication from the Austro-Hungarian min- 
ister without comment. The grounds taken by Foreign Minister Wang Ta-hsieh were that 
no communications could be received from the Austrian representative since he had 
ceased to have a diplomatic status. 



18 CHINA. 

Presidential proclamation declaring war on Germany and Austria- 
Hungary, 14 August, 1917. 

[Official documents relating to the war, Chinese Foreign Office, 1917 : 13.] 

On the 9th day of the "2d month of this year we addressed a protest 
to the German Government against the policy of submarine warfare 
inaugurated by Germany, which was considered by this Government 
as contrary to international law and imperiling neutral lives and 
property, and declared therein, in case the protest be ineffectual, we 
would be constrained, much to our regret, to sever diplomatic rela- 
tions with Germany. 

Contrary to our expectations, however, no modification was made 
in her submarine policy after the lodging of our protest. On the con- 
trary, the number of neutral vessels and belligerent merchantmen de- 
stroyed in an indiscriminate manner were daily increasing and the 
Chinese lives lost were numerous. Under such circumstances, al- 
though we might yet remain indifferent and endure suffering, witli 
the meager hope of preserving a temporary peace, yet in so doing wi> 
would never be able to satisfy our people, who are attached to right- 
eousness and sensible to disgrace, nor could we justify ourselves 
before our sister States which had acted without hesitation in obedi- 
ence to the dictates of the sense of duty. Both here, as well as in 
the friendly States, the cause of indignation was the same, and among 
the people of this country there could be found no difference of 
opinion. This Government thereupon being compelled to consider 
the protest as being ineffectual, notified, on the 14th of the 3d month, 
the German Government of the severance of diplomatic relations and 
at the same time the events taking place from the beginning up to 
that time were announced for the general information of the public. 

What we have desired is peace; what we have respected is inter- 
national law: what we have to protect are the lives and property of 
our people. As we originally had no other grave causes of enmity 
against Germany, if the German Government had manifested re- 
pentance for the deplorable consequences resulting from its policy of 
warfare, it might still be expected to modify that policy in view of 
the common indignation of the whole world. That was what we 
eagerly desired and it was the reason why Ave felt reluctant to treat 
Germany as a common enemy. Nevertheless, during the five months 
following the severance of the diplomatic relations the submarine 
attacks continued in operation as vigorously as before. It is not Ger- 
many alone, but Austria-Hungary as well, which adopted and pur- 
sued this policy without abatement. Xot only has international law 
been thereby violated, but also our people are suffering injury and 
loss. The most sincere hope on our part to bring about a better state' 
of affairs is now shattered. Therefore it is hereby declared, against 



CHINA. 19 

Germany as well as Austria-Hungary, that a state of war exists com- 
mencing from 10 o'clock of the 14th day of the 8th month of the 
6th year of the Republic of China. In consequence thereof all trea- 
ties, agreements, conventions concluded between China and Germany, 
and between China and Austria-Hungary, as well as such parts of 
the international protocols and international agreements as concern 
the relations between China and Germany, and between China and 
Austria-Hungary, are in conforniit}^ with the law of nations and in- 
ternational practice, abrogated. This Government, however, will re- 
spect The Hague Conventions and her international agreement re- 
specting the humane conduct of war. 

The chief object of our declaration of war is to put an end to the 
calamities of war and to hasten the restoration of peace, which, it is 
hoped, our people will fully appreciate. Seeing, however, that our 
people have not yet at the present time recovered from sufferings on 
account of the recent political disturbances and the calamity again 
befalls us in the breaking out of the present war, I, the President of 
this Republic, can not help having profound sympathy for our people 
when I take into consideration their further suffering. I would never 
resort to this step of striving for the existence of our nation unless 
and until I, considering it no longer possible to avoid it, am finally 
forced to this momentous decision. 

I can not bear to think that through lis the dignity of international 
law should be impaired, or the position in the family of nations 
should be undermined or the restoration of the world's peace and 
happiness should be retarded. It is therefore hoped that all of our 
people will exert their utmost in these hours of hardship, with a view 
to maintaining and strengthening the existence of the Chinese 
Republic, so that we may establish ourselves amidst the family of 
nations and share with them the happiness and benefits derived there- 
from. 

. (Countersigned) Gen. Tuan Chi-jui, 

Prime Minister and Minister of War, etc. 

(Here follow the signatures of the other cabinet ministers.) 

CHINA against GERMANY. 

Declaration of war against Germany transmitted through the Neth- 
erlands minister to Peking, 10 a. m., 14 August, 1917. 

[Official documents relating to the war, Chinese Foreign Office, 1917 : 16.] 

Peking, 14th August, 1917. 
Your Excellency: On 9th February last, the Chinese Government 
addressed a protest to the German Government against the policy of 
submarine warfare inaugurated b}^ the Central European Powers, 



20 CHINA. 

which was considered by the Chinese Government as contrary to the 
established principles of public international law and imperiling 
Chinese lives and property. The Chinese Government declared that 
in case its protest be ineffectual China would be constrained, much 
to her regret, to sever diplomatic relations with Germany. 

Contrary to expectations the submarines of the Central European 
Powers continued to sink neutral and belligerent merchantmen 
whereby more Chinese were lost, and the Chinese Government could 
not but consider its protest to be ineffectual and notified Germany on 
llth March last of the severance of diplomatic relations. 

The Chinese Government still expected that the general condem- 
nation of that policy — a policy contrary to public international law 
and violating the principles of humanity — would lead to its modi- 
fication, but it now finds that its expectations are no longer realizable. 

The Chinese Government, actuated by the desire to maintain inter- 
rational law and protect Chinese lives and property, can not remain 
indifferent to this state of affairs indefinitely, and therefore now de- 
dares that a state of war exists between China and Germany from 
10 o'clock a. m. of the 14th day of the 8th month of the 6th year 
of the Republic of China. In consequence hereof the treaty of 2d 
September, 1861, the supplementary convention of 31st March, 1880, 
and all other treaties, conventions, and agreements of whatever 
nature at present in force between China and Germany are abro- 
gated, as also all such provisions of the protocol of 7th September, 
1901, and other similar international agreements as only concern 
China and Germany. China, however, declares that she will con- 
form to the provisions of The Hague Conventions and other interna- 
tional agreements respecting the humane conduct of war. 

Besides telegraphically requesting the Danish Government to in- 
form the German Government, I have the honor to request your 
excellency to transmit this note to the German Government. 

(Signed) Wang Ta-hsieh. 

I avail, etc. 

His Excellency Jonkeer Beerlaerts van Blokland, 

Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
Plenipotentiary of The Netherlands. 

Presidential proclamation declaring war on Germany and Austria- 
Hungary, 14 August, 1917. 

[See i». IS.] 



COSTA RICA. 21 

COSTA RICA. 

COSTA RICA against GERMANY. 

Declaration of tear against Germany. 

[Archives of the Department of State.] 

Legislative Branch. 
No. 2- 

The Constitutional Congress of the Republic of Costa Rica, 

In the exercise of the powers conferred upon it by the Constitu- 
tion of the Republic, Section 5, Article 70, and in view of the in- 
formation furnished to this High Body by the Chief of the Nation, 
Resolves : 

Article 1. To authorize the Executive to declare war against the 
Government of the German Empire. 
To the Executive. 

(riven in the Hall of Sessions, National Palace, San Jose, the 
twenty-third day of the month of May, nineteen eighteen. 

Daniel Nunez, 

President. 
Ricardo Coto Fernandez, 

Secretary. 
F. A. Segreda, 

Secretary. 



Let it be published. 



Presidential Mansion, 
San Jose. May 23rd, 1918. 



F. Tinoco. 



Enrique Ortiz. R.. 

The Minister of State in the 

Department of Foreign Relations. 



Executive Branch. 
Xo. 4. 

Federico Tinoco, 
Constitutional President of the Republic of Costa Rica. 

Taking into account — 

1. That the war provoked by Germany against the principal powers 
with the intention of subverting throughout the world the system of 
justice in order to implant that of force as the supreme law of nations 



22 COSTA RICA. 

is virtually a conflict of principles the result of which interests most 
deeply all the members of the international community; 

2. And that, in fact, the objects pursued by Germany in the present 
war compromise the existence of the most elevated ideals of humanity 
and annul the most important mental and moral gains of civilization. 
since those intentions, already evidenced in the course of the conflict, 
constitute the conscious violation of the international laws and cus-- 
toms that regulate the life of States and their immediate substitution 
by an exclusive and tyrannical dictatorship, which, based upon mili- 
tary power and the exercise of autocracy, tends to the establishment 
of political and economical servitude over the nations already sub- 
jected by her or which she may in the future overcome by armed force : 

3. And that Germany in its attempts against the fundamentals of 
international law, through a long series of nets, characterized by 
the spirit of absolutism has trampled under foot the most respectable 
human institutions and doctrines and particularly that high con- 
ception of liberty and justice which is the essence of world morality: 
that it has violated the sacredness of public treaties, the laws of war 
and the rights of neutrals, and has threatened with death the prin- 
ciple of the existence of small nationalities and the indisputable 
right they possess to dispose of their own destiny in the exercise of 
their rights and their autonomy ; 

4. And that in view of these premises, even though Costa Rica, 
on account of the smallness of her material resources, can not under 
the present circumstances render to the great cause of humanity aid 
in proportion to her high aspirations, it is obvious that both because 
of the necessity for self-preservation and because of her proven 
sentiments of solidarity, she is under the unavoidable moral obliga- 
tion to cooperate with her unrestricted support in the work of com- 
mon defense in which, with the greatest heroism, many nations find 
themselves engaged, to many of which the people of Costa Rica finds 
itself united by the ties of old and sincere friendship ; 

5. And that the rupture of diplomatic relations with the Imperial 
German Government, as decreed by the Executive on 21 September 
last, is not sufficient in itself to define the position that Costa Rica 
should resolutely assume in the presence of the conflict, which for a 
small and weak country such as ours, having no other protection or 
other cult but that of the law, can not be other than that of a bel- 
ligerent participation against the oppressors of the liberty, existence, 
respect for, and autonomous government of all the nations of the 
earth ; 

Now, therefore, 

In exercise of the authority which has been conferred upon him 
by the Constitutional Congress in the resolution of to-day and of 
the power conferred by Paragraph 3, Article 99, of the Constitution, 



CUBA. 23 

and in conformity with the aforesaid, and in Council of Ministers, 
decrees : 

Article 1. That from and after this date a state of war exists 
between the Republic of Costa Rica and the Government of the 
German Empire. 

Given in the presidential mansion, San Jose, the twenty-third day 
of the month of May, nineteen eighteen. 

F. Tinoco. 
Enrique Ortiz. R., 

The Minister of Finance and Commerce and 

in charge of Office of Foreign Affairs, etc.. 
J. J. Tinoco, 
The Minister of War and for the Ministers 

of Government and Promotion. 
Anastasio Alfaro, 
The Minister of Public Instruction. 



CUBA. 

CUBA against AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 

Declaration of tear against Austria-Hungary, 10 December, 1017. 

[Archives of the Department of State.] 

[No. 170.] Legation of Cuba, 

Washington, D. C, 21 December, 1917. 
Mr. Secretary: I have the honor to inform your excellency that 
the Congress of my nation, in joint session of this 16th day of the 
present month, declared, and the President of the Republic pro- 
claimed, a state of war between the Republic of Cuba and the Im- 
perial and Royal Government of Austria-Hungary. 

I avail myself of this opportunity to reiterate to your excellency 
the assurances of my highest and most distinguished consideration. 
By direction of the Minister. 

Dr. J. R. Torralba, 
First Secretary in Charge of the Affair. 

CUBA against GERMANY. 

Declaration of war against Germany, 7 April, 1917. 

[Gaceta Oflcial, Edicion extraordinaria, No. 20, p. 3.] 
Mario G. Menocal, President of the Republic of Cuba. 

Whereas the Congress has voted and I have sanctioned the follow- 
ing joint resolution: 

Article 1. Resolved, That from to-day a state of war is formally declared 
between the Republic of Cuba and the Imperial Government of Germany, and 
the President of the Republic is authorized and directed by this resolution to 
employ all the forces of the nation and the resources of our Government to 
make war against the Imperial German Government, with the object of main- 
taining our rights, guarding our territory, and providing for our security, 



24 FRANCE. 

prevent any acts which may he attempted against us, and defend the navigation 
of the seas, the liberty of commerce, and the rights of neutrals and international 
justice. 

Art. 2. The President of the Republic is hereby authorized to use all the land 
and naval forces in the form he may deem necessary, using existing forces, 
reorganizing them, or creating new ones, and to dispose of the economic 
forces of the nation in any way he may deem necessary. 

Art. 3. The President will give account to Congress of the measures adopted 
in fulfillment of this law. which will be in operation from the moment of its 
publication in the official gazette. 

Therefore I command that the present law be complied with and 
executed in all its parts. 

Given at the palace of the President in Habana, the seventh April, 
nineteen hundred and seventeen. 

M. G. Menocal. 
Pablo Desvernine. 

Secretary of State. 



FRANCE. 

FRANCE against AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 

Declaration of war against Austria-Hungary, 12 p. m.. 12\ August, 

1911 

[Austro-Hungarian Red Book, LXV.] 

Count Mensdorff to Count Berchtold. 

[ Telegram. 

London, 12 August, 1914. 
I have just received from Sir Edward Grey the following com- 
munication : 

By request of the French (Government, which no longer is able to communi- 
cate directly with your Government, I wish to inform you of the following: 

After having declared war on Serbia and having thus initiated hostilities in 
Europe, the Austro-Hungarian Government has. without any provocation on the 
part of the Government of the French Republic, entered into a state of war 
with France:- 

1. After Germany laid declared war successively upon Russia and France. 
the Austro-Hungarian Government has intervened in this conflict by declaring 
war on Russia, which was already in alliance with France. 

2. According to manifold and reliable information, Austria has sent troops 
to the German border under circumstances which constitute a direct menace to 
France. 

In view of these facts, the French Government considers itself compelled 
to declare to the Austro-Hungarian Government that it will take all measures 
necessary to meet the actions and menaces of the latter. 

Sir Edward Grey added: 

A rupture with France having been brought about, the Government of His 
Britannic Majesty is obliged to proclaim a state of war between Great Britain 
and Austria-Hungary, to begin at midnight. 



FRANCE. 25 

Notification of declaration of war against Austria- Hungary, 13 

August, 1911i. 

[Journal Officiel, 14 August, 1914. p. 1418.] 

The following notification was, under date of yesterday, sent to 
his excellency the Ambassador of the United States at Paris, in 
charge of Austro-Hungarian interests in France, as well as to the 
diplomatic representatives of powers accredited at Paris. 

"After having been, in spite of pacific affirmations, the original 
coauthor of the aggression of Germany against France, the Imperial 
and Royal Government of Austria-Hungary, by acts of military as- 
sistance given to Germany, and incompatible with neutrality, pro- 
voked, on the date of 10 August, 1914. the rupture of diplomatic 
relations between the cabinets of Paris and Vienna. 

" New information having established that the Imperial and Royal 
Government persists in the assistance above denounced, the Gov- 
ernment of the Republic sees itself constrained to no longer recog- 
nize it as neutral and to consider it as an enemy from the date of 
12 August, at midnight. 

"The present notification is made in conformity with Article "2. of 
Convention III of The Hague of 18 October, 1907, relative to the 
opening of hostilities and is sent to (diplomatic representative at 
Paris of the power to which notification is made) at Paris. 13 August, 
1914. at -1 o'clock in the afternoon." 

FRANCE against BULGARIA. 

Declaration of war <ig<t'n\xt Bulgaria, 6 a. m„ 10 October, 1915. 

[Journal Officiel, is October, 1915, p. 7481.] 

Bulgaria having taken action with our enemies and against one of 
the allies of France, the Government of the Republic announces that 
a state of war exists between France and Bulgaria, from 16 October 
at (5 o'clock in the morning, through the action of Bulgaria. 

FRANCE against GERMANY. 

Notification of war with Germany, 4 August, 191 4- 

[French Vellow Book. No. 157 : Journal Officiel. G August, 1914. p. 7133.1 

Notification of the French Government to the Representatives of the 

Powers at Paris. 

The German Imperial Government, after having allowed its armed 
forces to cross the frontier, and to permit various acts of murder 
and pillage on French territory ; after having violated the neutrality 
of the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg in defiance of the stipulations 
of the Convention of London, 11th of May, 1867, and of Convention 
V of The Hague, 18 October, 1907, on the rights and duties of pow- 



26 FRANCE. 

ers and persons in case of Avar on land (Arts. 1 and 2), conventions 
which have been signed by the German Government; after having 
addressed an ultimatum to the Royal Government of Belgium with 
the object of requiring passage for German troops through Belgian 
territory in violation of the treaties of 19 April, 1839, which had 
been signed by them, and in violation of the above Convention of 
The Hague, 

Have declared war on France at 6.45 p. m. on 3 August. 1914. 

In these circumstances the Government of the Republic find them- 
selves obliged on their side to have recourse to arms. 

They have in consequence the honor of informing by these presents 
the Government of * * * that a state of Avar exists between 
France and Germany dating from C>.4.") p. m. on 3 August, 1914. 

The Government of the Republic protest before all civilized na- 
tions, and especially those Governments Avhich have signed the con- 
A T entions and treaties referred to above, against the violation by the 
German Empire of their international engagements, and they reserve 
full right for reprisals which they might find themselves brought to 
exercise against an enemy so little regardful of its plighted Avord. 

The Government of the Republic, who propose to observe the prin- 
ciples of the law of nations, will, during the hostilities, and assuming 
that reciprocity will be observed, act in accordance with the interna- 
tional conventions signed by France concerning the law of war on 
land and sea. 

The present notification, made in accordance Avith Article 2 of the 
Third Convention of The Hague of 18 October, 1907, relating to the 
opening of hostilities and handed to * * * : 

Paris, 4 August, 1914 — 2 p. m. 1 

FRANCE against TURKEY. 

Decision of the French prize court in regard to a state of war with 
Turkey as from 29 October, 1914. 

[The Mahrousseh, Journal Officiel. 17 December, 1915; Decisions du Conseil des Prises, 

1 :94.] 

" The state of war existed en fait between France and Turkey since 
29 October, 1914, at 3 o'clock in the morning, the time of the bom- 
bardment by the Turks of the port of Odessa, where there was a 
French vessel which was bombarded and on board of which two 
French nationals were killed." 

1 In the Belgian Gray Book, the date is given as 5 August. 



GERMANY. 2 7 

Declaration recognizing a state of war with Turkey, 5 November, 

19U. 1 

(Revue Generate de Droit International Public, Documents, 22:6.] 

The acts of hostility which the Turkish fleet, commanded by Ger- 
man officers, has committed against a French merchant vessel and 
which have caused the death of two Frenchmen and serious damage 
to the vessel, not having been followed by the dismissal of the Ger- 
man military and naval missions, a measure by which the Porte 
might still have relieved itself of responsibility, the Government of 
the Republic is obliged to state that by the act of the Ottoman Gov- 
ernment the state of war exists between France and Turkey. 



GERMANY. 

GERMANY against BELGIUM. 

Ultimatum to Belgium, J August, 191J/. 

[Belgian Gray Book, No. 20.] 

Note presented on 2 August, at 7 p. m., by Herr von Below Saleske, German 
Minister at Brussels, to Monsieur Davignon, Belgian Minister for Foreign 
Affairs. 

Imperial German Legation in Belgium, 

Brussels, % August, 191b. 

(Very confidential.) 

Reliable information has been received by the German Government 
to the effect that French forces intend to march on the line of the 
Meuse by Givet and Naninr. This information leaves no doubt as to 
the intention of France to march through Belgian territory against 
Germany. 

The German Government can not but fear that Belgium, in spite 
of the utmost good will, will be unable, without assistance, to repel 
so considerable a French invasion with sufficient prospect of success 
to afford an adequate guarantee against danger to Germany. It is 
essential for the self-defense of Germany that she should anticipate 
any such hostile attack. The German Government would, however, 
feel the deepest regret if Belgium regarded as an act of hostility 
against herself the fact that the measures of Germany's opponents 
force Germany, for her own protection, to enter Belgian territory. 

1 Exequaturs were withdrawn from Turkish consuls on (5 November (Journ. Off., Nov. 
7, 1914) : 

The President of the French Republic, on the report of the minister of foreign affairs — 

Decrees: 

Article 1. By reason of the state of war between France and Turkey, the exequaturs 
accorded to the Ottoman consul general, consuls and consular agents in France and in 
the colonies and protectorates are withdrawn. 

Art. 2. The minister of foreign affairs is charged with the execution of the present 
decree. 

Done at Bordeaux, the 6th November, 1914. 

R. POINCARE. 

By the President of the Republic. 

DELCASSfi, 

The Minister of Foreign Affairs. 



28 GERMANY. 

Ill order to exclude any possibility of misunderstanding the Ger- 
man Government make the following declaration: 

1. Germany has in view no act of hostility against Belgium. In 
the event of Belgium being prepared in the coming war to maintain 
an attitude of friendly neutrality toward Germany the German Gov- 
ernment bind themselves, at the conclusion of peace, to guarantee the 
possessions and independence of the Belgian Kingdom in full. 

2. Germany undertakes, under the above-mentioned conditions, to 
evacuate Belgian territory on the conclusion of peace. 

3. If Belgium adopts a friendly attitude, Germany is prepared, in 
cooperation with the Belgian authorities, to purchase all necessaries 
for her troops against a cash payment, and to pay an indemnity for 
any damage that may have been caused by German troops. 

4. Should Belgium oppose the German troops, and in particular 
should she throw difficulties in the way of their march by a resist- 
ance of the fortresses on the Meuse, or by destroying railways, roads, 
tunnels, or other similar works, Germany will, to her regret, be 
compelled to consider Belgium as an enemy. 

In this event Germany can undertake no obligations toward Bel- 
gium, but the eventual adjustment of the relations between the two 
States must be left to the decision of arms. 

The German Government, however, entertain the distinct hope that 
this eventuality will not occur, and that the Belgian Government will 
know how to take the necessary measures to prevent the occurrence 
of incidents such as those mentioned. In this case the friendly ties 
which bind the two neighboring States will grow stronger and more 
enduring. 

Declaration concerning use of force in Belgium, 4 August, 1914. 

[Belgian Gray Book, No. 27.] 

Herr von Below Saleske. German Minister, to Monsieur Davignon, Belgian 
Minister for Foreign Affairs. 

(The original is in French.) 

Brussels, 4 August, 1914 {6 a. in.). 
Sir : In accordance with my instructions I have the honor to inform 
your excellency that in consequence of the refusal of the Belgian 
Government to entertain the well-intentioned proposals made to them 
by the German Government the latter, to their deep regret, find them- 
selves compelled to take — if necessary by force of arms — those meas- 
ures of defense already foreshadowed as indispensable in view of the 
menace of France. 

Von Below. 



GERMANY. 29 

GERMANY against FRANCE. 

Ultimatum to France, 31 July, 1914. 

[German White Book, Annex 25.] 

Telegram of the Imperial German Chancellor to the Imperial German 

Ambassador in Paris. 

31 July, 191 1 

Important ! 

In spite of our still pending mediatory action, and although we 
ourselves have adopted no steps toward mobilization, Russia has 
mobilized her entire army and navy, which means mobilization 
against us also. Thereupon we declared the existence of a threat- 
ening danger of war, which must be followed by mobilization, unless 
Russia within 12 hours ceases all warlike steps against us and Austria. 
Mobilization inevitably means w T ar. Kindly ask the French Govern- 
ment whether it will remain neutral in a Russian-German war. 
Answer must come within 18 hours. Wire at once hour that inquiry 
is made. Act with the greatest possible dispatch. 

Declaration of war against France, S.Jfi p. ?n., 3 August, 1914- 

[French Yellow Book. No. 147.1 

Letter handed by the German Ambassador to M. Rene Viviani, President 
of the Council, Minister for Foreign Affairs, during his farewell audience, 
3 August, 1914, at 6.45 p. m. 

M. le President : The German administrative and military author- 
ities have established a certain number of flagrantly hostile acts com- 
mitted on German territory by French military aviators. Several of 
these have openly violated the neutrality of Belgium by flying over the 
territory of that country ; one has attempted to destroy buildings near 
Wesel ; others have been seen in the district of the Eifel ; one has 
thrown bombs on the railway near Carlsruhe and Nuremberg. 

I am instructed, and I have the honor to inform your excellency, 
that in the presence of these acts of aggression the German Empire 
considers itself in a state of war with France in consequence of ths 
acts of this latter power. 

At the same time I have the honor to bring to the knowledge of 
your excellency that the German authorities will detain French mer- 
cantile vessels in German ports, but they will release them if within 
48 hours they are assured of complete reciprocity. 

My diplomatic mission having thus come to an end, it only remains 
for me to request your excellency to be good enough to furnish me 
with my passports and to take the steps you consider suitable to 



30 GERMANY. 

assure my return to Germany with the staff of the embassy, as well as 
with the staff of the Bavarian legation and of the German consulate 
general in Paris. 

Be good enough, M. le President, to receive the assurances of my 
deepest respect. 

Schoex. 
GERMANY against PORTUGAL. 

Declaration of war against Portugal, 6 y. w., 9 March, 1916. 

I Revue Oenerale de Droit International Public, Documents, 23:171] 

Since the outbreak of the war the Portuguese Government, In- 
actions which are in conflict with her neutrality, has supported 
the enemies of the German Empire. The British troops have been 
allowed four times to march through Mozambique. The coaling of 
German ships was forbidden. The extensive sojourn of British 
war vessels in Portuguese ports, which is also in conflict with the 
laws of neutrality, was allowed; Great Britain was also permitted 
to use Madeira as a point d'appui for her fleet. (Tims and materials 
of war were sold to Entente Powers, and even a destroyer was sold 
to Great Britain. 

German cables were interrupted, the archives of the imperial 
vice consul in Mossamedes were seized, and expeditions sent to Africa 
were described as directed against Germany. At the frontier of 
German Southwest Africa and Angola the German district com- 
mander and two officers and men were tricked into visiting Xaulila, 
and on 19 October. 1915, were declared to be under arrest. When 
they tried to escape arrest, they were shot at and forcibly taken 
prisoners. 

During the course of the war the Portuguese press and Parlia- 
ment have been more or less openly encouraged by the Portuguese 
Government to indulge in gross insults to the German people. AVe 
repeatedly protested against these incidents in every individual 
case, and made most serious representations. We held the Portu- 
guese Government responsible for all consequences, but no remedy 
was afforded us. 

The Imperial Government, in forbearing appreciation of Portu- 
gal's difficult position, has hitherto avoided taking more serious 
steps in connection with the attitude of the Portuguese Government. 
On 23 February the German vessels in Portuguese ports were seized 
and occupied by the military. On our protest, the Portuguese Gov- 
ernment declined to go back from these forcible measures, and tried 
to justify them by illegal (gesetz^'nlrh/) interpretations of existing 
treaties. These interpretations appeared to the German Govern- 
ment to be empty evasions. It is a fact that the Portuguese Govern- 



GERMANY. 31 

ment seized a number of German vessels out of proportion to what 
was necessary for meeting the shortage of Portugal's tonnage, and 
that the Government did not attempt even once to come to an under- 
standing with the German shipowners either directly or through the 
mediation of the German Government. The whole procedure of 
the Portuguese Government, therefore, represents a serious violation 
of existing laws and treaties. 

The Portuguese Government by this procedure openly showed 
that it regards itself as the vassal of Great Britain, which subordi- 
nates all other considerations to British interests and wishes. Fur- 
thermore, the Portuguese Government effected the seizure of the 
vessels in a manner in which the intention to provoke Germany can 
not fail to be seen ; the German flag was hauled down in the German 
vessels, and the Portuguese flag with a war pennon was hoisted, 
and the flagship of the admiral fired a salute. 

The Imperial Government sees itself obliged to draw the neces- 
sary conclusions from the attitude of the Portuguese Government. 
It regards itself from now on in a state of war with the Portu- 
guese Government. 

GERMANY against ROUMANIA. 

Statement of declaration of war against Roumania, 28 August, 1916. 

1 Revue Generate de Droit International Public, Documents, 23 : 199 ; London Times, 

29 Aug., 191(5, p. 7, e.] 

After Roumania, as already reported, disgracefully broke treaties 
concluded with Austria-Hungary and Germany, she declared war 
Sunday against our ally. The Imperial German minister to Rou- 
mania has received instructions to request his passports and to 
declare to the Roumanian Government that Germany now likewise 
considers herself at war with Roumania. 

GERMANY against RUSSIA. 

Ultimatum, to Russia, 31 July, 191 If. 

[Herman White Book. Annex 24.] 

Telegram cf the Imperial German Chancellor to the Imperial German Am- 
bassador in St. Petersburg. 

31 July, 1914. 
Important ! 

In spite of still pending mediatory negotiations, and although we 

ourselves have up to the present moment taken no measures for 

mobilization. Russia has mobilized her entire army and navy; in 

oilier words, mobilized against us also. By these Russian meas- 

92838—19 3 



32 GERMANY. 

ures we have been obliged, for the safeguarding of the Empire, to 
announce that danger of war threatens us, which does not yet mean 
mobilization. Mobilization, however, must follow unless Russia 
ceases within twelve hours all warlike measures against us and 
Austria-Hungary and gives us definite assurance thereof. Kindly 
communicate this at once to M. Sazonof and wire hour of its com- 
munication to him. 

Declaration of war against Russia, 7.10 p. ???.. 1 August, 191$} 

[German White Book, Annex 26. See also Russian Orange Paper, No. 76.] 

Telegram of the Imperial German Chancellor to the Imperial German Am- 
bassador in St. Petersburg 1 . 

1 August, 191$, 12.52 p. m. 

Important ! 

In case the Russian Government gives no satisfactory answer to 
our demand, will your excellency, at 5 o'clock this afternoon (cen- 
tral European time), kindly hand to it the following declaration: 

The Imperial Government has endeavored from the beginning of the crisis 
to bring it to a peaceful solution. In accordance with a wish expressed to him 
by His Majesty the Emperor of Russia, His Majesty the Emperor of Germany, 
in cooperation with England, applied himself to the accomplishment of a 
mediating role toward the cabinets of Vienna and St. Petersburg, when Russia, 
without awaiting the outcome, proceeded to mobilize her entire land and naval 
forces. ■ 

Following this threatening measure, occasioned by no military preparation 
on the part of Germany, the German Empire found itself confronted by a 
serious and imminent peril. If the Imperial Government had failed to meet 
this peril, it would have jeopardized the safety and even the existence of Ger- 
many. Consequently, the German Government was obliged to address the 
Government of the Emperor of all the Russias and insist upon the cessation 
of all these military measures. Russia having refused to accede to this demand, 
and having manifested by this refusal that her acts were directed against 
Germany, I have the honor, by order of my Government, to make known to 
your excellency the following : 

His Majesty the Emperor, my august Sovereign, in the name of the Empire, 
takes tip the defiance, and considers himself in a state of war against Russia. 

I urgently ask that you wire the hour of arrival of these instruc- 
tions, and of their carrying out, according to Russian time. 

Kindly ask for your passports and hand over protection and busi- 
ness to the American embassy. 

1 Note handed in by the ambassador of Germany at St. Petersburg on 19 July (1 Aug.), 
1914, at 10 minutes past 7 in the evening. (Russian Orange Paper, No. 76.) " 



GREAT BRITAIN. 33 

GREAT BRITAIN. 

GREAT BRITAIN against AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 

Declaration of war against Austria-Hungary, 12 p. ?n., 12 August, 

1911 

[Austro-Hungarian Red Book, LXV.] 
Count Mensdorff to Count Berchtold. 

[Telegram. 1 

London, 12 August. 191 J h 
I have just received from Sir Edward Grey the following com- 
munication : 

By request of the French Government, which no longer is able to communi- 
cate directly with your Government, I wish to inform you of the following: 

After having declared war on Serbia and having thus initiated hostilities in 
Europe, the Austro-Hungarian Government has. without any provocation on 
the part of the Government of the French Republic, entered into a state of war 
with France. 

1. After Germany had declared war successively upon Russia and France, 
the Austro-Hungarian Government has intervened in this conflict by declaring 
war on Russia, which was already in alliance with France. 

2. According to manifold and reliable information Austria has sent troops 
to the German border under circumstances which constitute a direct menace to 
France. 

In view of these facts the French Government considers itself compelled to 
declare to the Austro-Hungarian Government that it will take all measures 
necessary to meet the actions and menaces of the latter. 

Sir Edward Grey added : 

A rupture with France having been brought about, the Government of His 
Britannic Majesty is obliged to proclaim a state of war between Great Britain 
and Austria-Hungary, to begin at midnight. 

GREAT BRITAIN against BULGARIA. 

Proclamation of icar against Bulgaria, 10 p. m., 15 October, 1915. 

[London Gazette, 16 Oct., 1915, pp. 10229, 10257.] 

The King of the Bulgarians, an ally of the Central Powers, being 
now in a state of war with the King of Serbia, an ally of His Majesty 
King George V, His Majesty's Government have notified the Swedish 
minister in London, who is in charge of Bulgarian interests in this 
country, that a state of war exists between Great Britain and Bul- 
garia as from 10 p. m. to-night. 

Foreign Office, 15 October, 1915. 



34 GREAT BRITAIN. 

GREAT BRITAIN against GERMANY. 

Ultimatum to Germany, J/. August. 191^. 

[British White Taper, No. 159.] 

Sir Edward Grey to Sir E. Goschen. 

[Telegraphic] 

Foreign Office, 
London, If August. 191 Jf. 

We hear that Germany has addressed note to Belgian minister for 
foreign affairs stating that the German Government will be com- 
pelled to carry out. if necessary by force of arms, the measures con- 
sidered indispensable. 

We are also informed that Belgian territory has been violated at 
Gemmerich. 

In these circumstances, and in view of the fact that Germany de- 
clined to give the same assurance respecting Belgium as France gave 
last week in reply to our request made simultaneously at Berlin and 
Paris, we must repeat that request, and ask that a satisfactory reply 
to it and to my telegram of this morning 1 be received here by 12 
o'clock to-night. If not, you are instructed to ask for your passports, 
and to say that His Majesty's Government feel bound to take all 
steps in their power to uphold the neutrality of Belgium and the 
observance of a treaty to which Germany is as much a party as 
ourselves. 

1 No. 153. — Sir Edward Grey to Sir E, Goschen. 
[Telegraphic] 

Foueign Office, London, h August, ;.>l). 

The King of the Belgians has made an appeal to His Majesty the King for diplomatic 
intervention on behalf of Belgium in the following terms : 

" Remembering the numerous proofs of Your Majesty's friendship and that of your 
predecessor, and the friendly attitude of England in 1870, and the proof of friendship 
you have just given us again, I make a supreme appeal to the diplomatic intervention of 
Your Majesty's Government to safeguard the integrity of Belgium." 

His Majesty's Government are also informed that the German Government has de- 
livered to the Belgian Government a note proposing friendly neutrality entailing free 
passage through Belgian territory, and promising to maintain the independence and 
integrity of the Kingdom and its possessions at the conclusion of peace, threatening iu 
case of refusal to treat Belgium as an enemy. An answer was requested within 12 hours. 

We also understand that Belgium has categorically refused this as a flagrant violation 
of the law of nations. 

His Majesty's Government are bound to protest against this violation of a treaty to 
which Germany is a party in common with themselves, and must request an assurance 
that tlfe demand made upon Belgium will not be proceeded with, and that her neutrality 
will be respected by Germany. You should ask for an immediate reply. 



GREECE. 35 

P reclamation of war against Germany, 11 p. m., 4 August, 191 1^} 

[London Times. 5 Aug., 1918, p. 6, a.] 

The following statement was issued from the Foreign Office at 
12.15 this morning (5 Aug.) : 

Owing to the summary rejection by the German Government of 
the request made by His Majesty's Government for assurances thai. 
the neutrality of Belgium will be respected, His Majesty's ambassa- 
dor at Berlin has received his passports and His Majesty's Govern- 
ment have declared to the German Government that a state of war 
exists between Great Britain and Germany as from 11 p. m. on 
i August. 

GREAT BRITAIN against TURKEY. 

Proclamation of state of war with Turkey, ~> November, 1914. 

[London Gazette, 5 Nov., 1014, pp. 8997. 9011 ; Manual of Emergency Legislation, Supp. 

No. 2, p. 1.1 

Owing to hostile acts committed by Turkish forces under German 
officers, a state of war exists between Great Britain and Turkey as 
from to-day. 

Foreign Office, 5 November, 191 4. 



GREECE. 

GREECE against BULGARIA. 

Declaration of war of Provisional Government against Germany and 
Bulgaria, 23 November, 1916. 

[International Law Documents, Naval War College, 1917: 159.] 

There is no country in existence which, in its desire for peace, has 
done more than Greece in the course of the present war to repress its 
feelings, even to the extent of forgetting its aspirations, or shown so 
much patience toward rivals who have sought to benefit by the ruin 
of its interests. The spectacle of Belgium, a little country like 
Greece, being made the victim of a most insolent violation of solemn 
treaties, and the fact that that violation was the basis of the war. 
inclined Greece from the very first to take part in this war of nations. 
But in the interest of Serbia and in that of the Greek cause generally, 
Greece deemed it a duty to decide in favor of neutrality. Profiting 
by past experience of Bulgarian duplicity, however, and having from 
an early period reasons to suspect that treacherous designs were being 
entertained, Greece at the same time kept her forces absolutely in 
reserve in case her efforts should not succeed in preventing a Bul- 

M notification of similar effect was published in tlie London Gazette, 7 Aug., 1914, 
pp, 6161, 6181, and in the Manual of Emergency Legislation, page 1. 



36 GREECE. 

garian aggression, with a view to going to the assistance of her heroic 
Serbian ally. 

When this eventuality actually occurred, Greece, which at that time 
was still controlled by her legal Government, was ready loyally to 
fulfill the obligations of the alliance. But she was deterred by the 
pernicious effects of a disgraceful campaign which had long been 
undertaken against the moral unity of the country. As early as 
February, 1915, the Liberal Cabinet then in power, strong in the 
almost unanimous support of the representatives of the people, de- 
cided in principle to secure at once by means of war the fullest aspira- 
tions of Hellenism, and to cooperate with the protecting powers in 
the Dardanelles expedition. The agents of German propaganda suc- 
ceeded in preventing this by bringing about between the Crown and 
the responsible Government a sudden conflict, which, according to 
the constitutional laws confirmed by parliamentary traditions, ap- 
peared to be out of the question. Surprised by this unforeseen crisis, 
the Greek people deferred manifesting their opinion until the general 
election of 31 May, 1915, when they again expressed their confidence 
in the Liberal Party, which was ready, the moment Bulgarian aggres- 
sion manifested itself, to lead the country in the path of honor and 
glory. 

But the pro-German party, emboldened by their success in Feb- 
ruary and fortified by the encouragement they had received, were on 
the alert. In spite of the recent appeal to the country, it was able 
to provoke between the Crown and the responsible Government a far 
more serious conflict than the preceding one. Again the people were 
patient. If they could no longer count on their parliamentary insti- 
tutions, they thought that their rulers, who were unconscious dupes 
of German perfidy, would be compelled sooner or later by the logic 
of events to recognize their mistake and to attempt to safeguard the 
already compromised interests of the country. 

Alas ! this hope was vain. For a whole year they were condemned 
to drink deeper and deeper of the cup of national humiliation. By 
means of a measure of demobilization their army was reduced to inac- 
tivity. Heroic Serbia was invaded by our hereditary enemy, Bul- 
garia, whose forces were stationed in a menacing way on our frontier, 
and soon afterwards, in spite of the promises given, they seized a 
portion of our territory, which the criminal policy of the Greek 
Government basely delivered over to them, together with some of our 
forts and war material and an entire army. 

Meanwhile another enemy of our race, Germany, has been carrying 
on, by means of a swarm of official and secret agents, the work of 
degradation by means of which she reckoned on depriving the country 
of its fleet and preparing it for the loss of its political liberties and 
national independence. Happily, before succumbing to the repeated 



GREECE. 37 

efforts of its enemies from without and within, the Greek people took 
courage and, in a supreme demonstration of the national conscience, 
resolved not to allow themselves to become enslaved. 

Being unable to break the shackles of force and corruption, which 
precluded all national initiative within the limits of the established 
institutions, the more determined of the patriots fled and joined the 
populations which, far from the center, preserve more liberty of 
opinion and action. These patriots undertook to utilize the living 
forces of Hellenism in order to form an army destined to liberate 
the occupied parts of the national territory and, while rehabilitating 
the compromised national honor, to show that Hellenism was still 
alive to its duties and its destinies. The civilized world has given a 
sympathetic welcome to this revolt of the Greek soul. 

The Government established at Saloniki, recognized as a power de 
facto, set resolutely about its task, and, with the material and moral 
aid of the protecting powers, Greece began the realization of her 
military plan. At a moment when the first units of her army which 
have been sent to the front are about to enter into a contest with 
the enemies of Hellenism, the Provisional Government thinks it right 
to bring to the knowledge of the belligerent States, of which it has 
become the ally, and of the neutral States, whose sympathy it desires, 
the fact that from this day it considers itself in a state of war with 
Bulgaria for having attacked Serbia, Greece's ally, and invaded, in 
spite of her promises, the national territory ; and with Germany for 
having incited and aided Bulgaria to fight against Serbia, and to 
act against Greece; for having violated the guarantees she gave to 
the Greek Government with regard to the towns of Seres, Drama, and 
Ka valla ; for having extended to Greek maritime commerce in Greek 
territorial waters, without plausible reason or previous warning, the 
criminal attempts of submarines, and for having cynically declared 
that she intended to persevere in these acts of destruction of defense- 
less vessels and the cow T ardly murder of innocent passengers; and 
for having, finally, undertaken to demoralize, humiliate, and divide 
the Greek people to the detriment of their honor and their national 
interests. 

Not being able to send a direct notification of the present declara- 
tion of war to the Governments of the Kingdom of Bulgaria and the 
German Empire, the Provisional Government asks the allied Gov- 
ernments to be good enough to communicate it to them in its name 
by any means at their disposal. 



38 GUATEMALA. 

Notification of declaration of state of war of the Government of 
Alexander with Bulgaria, 2 July, 1917. 

[Telegram to the Department of State from Athens.] 

372. 

2 July, 12 noon. 
Secretary of State, 

Washington, D. C. 
Minister of Foreign Affairs informs me Greece at war Germany, 
Bulgaria. Relations broken off other Central Powers. 

Droppers. 
GREECE against GERMANY. 

[See the note of the Provisional Government declaring war against Germany 
and Bulgaria, 23 November, 1916, and the notification of a state of war of the 
Government of Alexander with Germany and Bulgaria, 2 July, 1917, cited 
above.] 



GUATEMALA. 

GUATEMALA against GERMANY. 

Decree declaring war against Germany, 20 April, 1918. 

[Archives of the Department of State.] 

Decree No. 976. 

The National Legislative Assembly of the Republic of Guatemala. 

Considering : 

That on 27 April last Guatemala broke its diplomatic relations 
with the Imperial German Government for the reasons set forth in 
Decree No. 727 of the executive power and approved by Decree 
No. 966 of the legislative power ; 

That relations being once broken, and having been considered in 
detail, those deeds and circumstances which have followed as a con- 
sequence of that preliminary step, the time has arrived for establish- 
ing the international attitude of Guatemala in the conflict of nations ; 

That, on the other hand, the continental solidarity, the geographical 
position of the country, and the ties, historical and of international 
order, existing between the United States and Guatemala indicate 
to the latter its line of conduct in the present case : 

Therefore, decrees : 

Article 1. In the present international conflict Guatemala assumes 
the same belligerent attitude as the United States toward the German 
Empire. 

Art. 2. For the purposes of the fifteenth clause of the fifty-fourth 
article of the constitutive law of the Kepublic, by virtue of which the 
foregoing declaration is made, the Executive is authorized to pro- 
ceed in conformity with the needs of the situation in complying with 
the present decree. 



HAITI HONDURAS ITALY. 39 

It now passes to the Executive for publication and fulfillment. 
Done in the chamber of the sessions of the National Legislative 
Assembly in Guatemala on the twentieth day of April of the year 
one thousand nine hundred and eighteen. 

(s.) Arturo Urico, President. 

(s.) Manuel Ma. Giron, 

Secretary. 

(s.) Maximo Soto Hall, 

Secretary. 
Palace of the Executive Poaver, 23 April, 1918. 
Let it be published and enacted. 

(s.) Manuel Estrada C. 

(s.) Luis Toledo Herrarte, 

The Secretary of State for the Department of Foreign Affairs. 



HAITI. 

HAITI against GERMANY. 

Notification of declaration of tear against Germany, 12 July, 1918. 

[Telegram received by the Department of State. 12 July, 1918.] 

The Council of State, acting upon message of the President, has 
just unanimously authorized him to declare Haiti in a state of war 
with Germany. 

HONDURAS. 

HONDURAS against GERMANY. 

Notification of declaration of war against Go-many, 19 July. 1918. 

[Telegram received by the Department of State.] 

19 July. 6 p. m. 
Secretary or State, 

Washington^ D. C. 
Honduras declared war against Germany to-day. 

Curtis. 



ITALY. 

ITALY against AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 

Declaration of war against Austria-Hungary, 23 May, 1915. 

[2nd Austro-IIungarian Red Book, Xo. 204 I 

Baron Burian to Baron Macchio. 

T Telegram.] 

Vienna, 23 May, 1915. 
The Duke of Avarna this afternoon handed to me the following 
declaration of war : 



40 ITALY. 

In compliance with the orders of his noble sovereign the King, 
the undersigned Royal Italian ambassador has the honor to com- 
municate the following to his excellency the Austro-Hungarian 
minister of foreign affairs : 

On the 4th of this month the Austro-Hungarian Government was informed 
of the grave reasons for which Italy, confident of being in the right, declared 
that her alliance with Austria-Hungary was null and void, and without effect 
in future, since this alliance has been violated by the Austro-Hungarian Gov- 
ernment, and that Italy resumed her full freedom of action. Fully determined 
to protect Italian rights and interests with all the means at its disposal, the 
Italian Government can not evade its duty to take such measures as events 
may impose upon it against all present and future menaces to the fulfillment 
of Italy's national aspirations. His Majesty the King declares that from to- 
morrow he will consider himself in a state of war with Austria-Hungary. 

The undersigned has the honor at the same time to inform his 
excellency the minister of foreign affairs that to-day the Austro- 
Hungarian ambassador in Rome will receive his passports, and he 
would be grateful if his excellency would hand him likewise his own 
passports. 

Notification of war with Austria-Hungary, 23 May, 1915. 

[Italian Green Book, No. 77, Annex 2; Journal Offlciel. 27 May, 1915, p. 3335.] 

Note of Baron Sonnino, Italian Foreign Minister. 

[Communicated to Italian representatives abroad and to foreign Governments on 23 

May, 1915.] 

Rome, 23 May, 1915. 

A clear proof of the eminently conservative and defensive char- 
acter of the Triple Alliance is to be found in the letter and spirit of 
the treaty, and in the policy clearly manifested and confirmed by 
the official acts of the ministers who created the alliance and who 
were responsible for its renewals. 

Italian policy has ever been inspired with the ideals of peace. 
Austria-Hungary, in provoking a European war, in refusing to 
aceept Serbia's reply which gave Austria-Hungary all the satis- 
faction which she could legitimately demand, in refusing to listen 
to the conciliatory proposals which Italy had made in conjunction 
with other powers in order to preserve Europe from an immense 
conflict, which would drench it in blood and pile up ruins on a 
scale hitherto unknown and undreamed of — Austria-Hungary tore 
up with her own hands the treaty of alliance with Italy, which, 
so long as it was loyally interpreted other than as an instrument 
of aggression against others, had been a valuable factor in eliminat- 



ITALY. 41 

ing and settling disputes, and in securing for many years to come the 
inestimable benefits of peace. 

The first article of the treaty reaffirmed the logical and general 
principle of every treaty of alliance, namely, the obligation to 
exchange views on political and economic questions of a general 
nature which might arise. It followed that neither contracting 
party was at liberty to undertake, without previous mutual agree- 
ment, action by which the other contracting parties might incur 
any obligation under the treaty of alliance, and in any way affect 
their most important interests. Austria-Hungary, by sending her 
note of 23 July, 1914. to Serbia without previously consulting Italy 
failed in this duty; Austria-Hungary thus violated unquestionably 
one of the fundamental clauses of the treaty. Austria -Hungary was 
all the more under the obligation to consult Italy first, inasmuch 
as her uncompromising action against Serbia had created a situation 
directly tending to provoke a European war, and as early as the be- 
ginning of July, 1914, the Eoyal Government, who were anxious in 
regard to the way things were shaping at Vienna, had repeatedly 
counseled moderation and had warned the Imperial and Eoyal Gov- 
ernment of the possible danger of a general European crisis. 

The action taken by Austria-Hungary against Serbia was, more- 
over, directly in opposition to Italian general political and eco- 
nomic interests in the Balkan Peninsula. It is not possible that 
Austria could have thought that Italy would remain indifferent to 
any diminution of Serbian independence. Our warnings had not 
been lacking on this point. For many years Italy had from time to 
time warned Austria, in friendly but unequivocal terms, that she 
considered the independence of Serbia an essential factor in the 
balance of power in the Balkans, which Italy herself could never 
allow to be disturbed to her detriment. And this spirit was not only 
expressed in the private conversations of her diplomats, but her 
statesmen proclaimed it loudly and publicly in her Parliament. 

When, in delivering an ultimatum to Serbia, Austria not only 
failed — in defiance of all custom — to consult us beforehand, but used 
every effort to conceal it from us, so that we only heard of it simul- 
taneously with the public through the telegraphic agencies before we 
were informed diplomatically, she not only placed herself outside 
the alliance with Italy but showed herself an enemy of Italian 
interests. 

It became clear to the Royal Government, from trustworthy infor- 
mation in their possession, that the whole trend of Austro-Hungar- 
ian action in the Balkans would lend to a very serious impairment of 
the political and economic position of Italy, because it aimed directly 
or indirectly at the subjugation of Serbia, the political and territorial 
isolation of Montenegro, and the. isolation of Roumania and the 



42 ITALY. 

diminution of her political importance. This impairment of Italy's 
position in the Balkans would have been brought about even if Aus- 
tria-Hungary had had no idea of territorial aggrandizement. It is 
sufficient to remark that the Austro-Hungarian Government were 
under an express obligation to take Italy into consultation by virtue 
of a special article of the treaty of the Triple Alliance, which estab- 
lished the bond of a defensive agreement and the right to compensa- 
tion among the allies in the case of the temporary or permanent 
occupation of any part of the Balkans. The Eoyal Government 
began conversations on the subject with the Imperial and Eoyal 
Government immediately at the beginning of hostile action by Aus- 
tria-Hungary against Serbia, receiving, after some reluctance, an 
adhesion in principle. 

Those conversations were begun immediately after 23 July, with a 
view to giving to the treaty, which had been violated and therefore 
annulled by the action of Austria-Hungary, a new element of life, 
which could only be effected by the conclusion of new agreements. 

Conversations were reopened on a rather more definite basis in the 
month of December, 1914. The royal ambassador at Vienna then re- 
ceived instructions to inform Count Berchtold that the Italian Gov- 
ernment considered it necessary to proceed without any delay to an 
exchange of ideas, with a view to negotiating with the Government 
on concrete points in order to clear up the whole situation arising out 
of the conflict provoked by Austria-Hungary. Count Berchtold re- 
fused at first, on the ground that he did not think it was necessary, 
in the present circumstances, to enter into negotiations. But in con- 
sequence of our reply, with which the German Government asso- 
ciated themselves. Count Berchtold subsequently informed us that 
he was ready to enter into the exchange of ideas which we had 
proposed. 

We accordingly immediately set out the fundamental broad lines 
of our point of view, that is to say, we declared that the compensation 
that we had in mind as affording the basis of a possible agreement 
must envisage territories now under the domination of Austria- 
Hungary. 

The discussions continued from month to month from the begin- 
ning of December until March, and it was not until the end of March 
that Baron Burian mad? us an offer of a zone of territory extending 
slightly to the north of the town of Trent. In return for this cession 
Austria-Hungary demanded from us in her turn numerous reciprocal 
engagements, including full and complete freedom of action in the 
Balkans. 

It should be noted that the Austro-Hungarian Government did not 
contemplate that the cession of territory in the Trentino should be 
effected immediately, as we had demanded, but only at the end of the 



ITALY. 43 

present war. We replied that we could not possibly accept the offer, 
and we formulated the minimum concessions that would be in any 
way consistent both with our national aspirations and with the im- 
provement of our strategical position on the Adriatic. Such require- 
ments included a somewhat larger district of the Trentino, a new 
district on the Isonzo, the special treatment of Trieste, the cession of 
some islands of the Curzolari Archipelago, a declaration of Austria's 
disinterestedness in Albania, and the recognition of our possession of 
Valona and the Dodekanese. 

All our requests met at first with a categorical refusal. It was 
only after another month of conversations that Austria-Hungary w T as 
induced to increase the zone of territory to be ceded in the Trentino, 
setting the limit at Mezzolombardo, but excluding Italian districts, 
as, for instance, the whole side of the Valley of Noce, the Val di Fassa. 
and the Val di Ampizzo, and leaving us a boundary which did not 
correspond in any way to strategical requirements. Moreover, the 
Austrian Government firmly adhered to their refusal to make any 
cession effective before the end of the war. The repeated refusals of 
A ustria- Hungary were explicitly confirmed in a conversation between 
Baron Burian and the royal ambassador at Vienna on 29 April last, 
the upshot of which was that the Austro-Hungarian Government, 
while admitting the possibility of recognizing to a certain extent our 
preponderant interest at Valona and the aforesaid cession of terri- 
tory in the Trentino, persisted in giving a negative reply to almost all 
our other demands, and especially to those regarding the line of the 
Isonzo, Trieste, and the islands. 

From the attitude adopted by. Austria-Hungary from the begin- 
ning of December to the end of April it became quite clear that 
she was merely trying to temporize without achieving any definite 
results. In these circumstances Italy found herself face to face 
with the danger that all her aspirations, whether traditional or 
ethnical, and her desire for security on the Adriatic, would be 
lost forever, while on the other hand the European war menaced 
her highest interests in other seas. 

Owing to this fact it became at once a duty and a necessity for 
Italy to recover the liberty of action which was her right, and to 
seek to preserve her interests by other means than those employed 
in the negotiations fruitlessly pursued for five months, and by 
other means than through the treaty of alliance, which by the 
action of Austria-Hungary had virtually been at an end since 
July, 1914. 

It will not be inappropriate to observe that once the alliance 
had come to an end there was no longer any reason for the Italian 
people to maintain the attitude of acquiescence which had been dic- 
tated by their sincere desire for peace nor to repress any longer — as 



44 ITALY. 

they had so long forced themselves to do — the indignation caused 
by the treatment to which the Italian population in Austria was sub- 
jected. It is true the treaty contained no formal provision for safe- 
guarding the Italian language, traditions, or civilization in the re- 
gions inhabited by our compatriots in Austria-Hungary. But since 
it was sought to give to the alliance an appearance of sincere peace 
and harmony, it is obvious that there was a moral obligation on the 
part of our ally to pay strict regard to and scrupulously to respect 
the vital interests involved for us in the racial distribution on the 
Adriatic coast. 

As a matter of fact, the constant policy of the Austro-Hungarian 
Government aimed for many years at the destruction of Italian 
nationality and civilization along the coast of the Adriatic. It 
Avill only be necessary to give a few short instances of facts and 
tendencies already too well known to everyone: systematic substi- 
tution for officials of Italian nationality of officials of other nation- 
alities; the importation of hundreds of families of different na- 
tionality: the creation at Trieste of cooperative societies of foreign 
workmen: the Hohenlohe decrees which aimed at excluding all 
Italian officials from the public life of Trieste; the denationaliza- 
tion of the judicial administration; the question of the university, 
which formed the subject of diplomatic negotiations; the denation- 
alization of the steamship companies; the action of the police and 
political trials tending to favor other nationalities at the expense 
of the Italians; the systematic expulsion of Italians, wholly unjus- 
tified and constantly increasing in number. 

The unchanging policy of the Imperial and Royal Government 
toward the subject Italian population was not solely inspired by 
internal motives due to the existence of contending nationalities 
within the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, but appears, on the con- 
trary, to have been caused in great part by a deep-rooted sentiment 
of hostility and aversion for Italy, which prevails in certain circles 
which are in close touch with the Austro-Hungarian Government, 
and which have a dominating influence on its decisions. From 
among many proofs of this which could be cited, it may suffice to 
mention that in 1911, while Italy was engaged in war with Turkey 
the general staff at Vienna made preparations that grew more 
and more obvious for an attack upon us, and the military party 
made most active attempts to win over to its views the other fac- 
tors responsible for the action of the monarchy. 

At the same time the armed preparations on our frontier as- 
sumed an openly offensive character. The crisis came to a pacific 
solution, as far as can be judged, owing to the influence of exter- 
nal factors. But from that time onward we have remained under 
the impression that we might unexpectedly find ourselves exposed 



ITALY. 45 

to armed menace whenever the party hostile to us might obtain 
predominance in Vienna. All this was known to Italy, but (as 
has been said before) a sincere desire for peace prevailed among 
the Italian people. 

When new conditions came into existence Italy tried to see 
whether, even under such circumstances, it might be possible to 
find a more solid basis and a more durable guarantee for her treaty 
with Austria-Hungary. But her endeavors, conducted over a period 
of many months in constant accord with Germany, who agreed that 
negotiation was legitimate, were spent in vain. Hence Italy has 
found herself forced by the course of events to seek other solutions, 
and since the treaty of alliance with Austria-Hungary had already 
virtually ceased to exist, and now only served to cloak the real situa- 
tion — one of continual suspicions and daily differences — the royal 
ambassador at Vienna was instructed to declare to the Austro-Hun- 
garian Government that the Italian Government considered itself 
freed from any binding power of the treaty of Triple Alliance as far 
as Austria-Hungary was concerned. This communication was made 
at Vienna on 4 May. 

After this declaration on our part, and after we had been forced 
to proceed to the legitimate protection of our own interests, the 
Imperial and Royal Government made new offers of inadequate con- 
cessions, which in no sense corresponded to the minimum demands 
of our former proposals. These offers could in no wise be accepted 
by us. The Royal Government, considering all that has been set 
forth above, strengthened by the votes of Parliament and by the 
solemn manifestations of the nation, has resolved to make an end of 
delays, and on this day has declared to the Austro-Hungarian am- 
bassador at Rome, in the name of the King, that Italy considers her- 
self in a state of war with Austria-Hungary from to-morrow, 24 
May. Instructions in the same sense were telegraphed yesterday to 
the royal ambassador at Vienna. 

Sonnino. 

ITALY against BULGARIA. 

Notification of a state of war with Bulgaria, 19 October, 1915. 

(Archives of the Department of State.] 

No. 3551. Royal Embassy of Italy, 

Washington, 19 October, 1915. 
Mr. Secretary of State: With reference to my note of the 8th 
instant and in obedience to instructions received from H. E. the 
Minister of Foreign Affairs, I have the honor to inform your excel- 
lency that Bulgaria having opened hostilities against Serbia, allying 
herself with the enemies of Italy and combating the allies, the Italian 
Government, by order of His Majesty the King, my august sovereign, 



46 ITALY. 

has declared a state of war to exist from this day between Italy and 
Bulgaria. 

Be pleased to accept, Mr. Secretary of State, the expression of my 
highest consideration. 

Macchi di Cellere. 

ITALY against GERMANY. 

Notification of a state of war with Germany, °28 August, 19 JO. 

The Italian Ambassador to the Secretary of State of the United States. 

I Archives of the Department of State.] 

Royal Italian Embassy, 
Beverly Farms, 28 August, 1916. 

Mr. Secretary of State: I have the honor to address the follow- 
ing communication to your excellency in the name of the King's Gov- 
ernment : 

Systematically hostile acts on the part of the German Government 
to the detriment of Italy have succeeded one another with increasing 
frequency, consisting in both an actual warlike participation and 
economic measures of every kind. 

With regard to the former, it will suffice to mention the reiterated 
supplies of arms and of instruments of war, terrestrial and maritime, 
furnished by Germany to Austria-Hungary, and the uninterrupted 
participation of German officers, soldiers, and seamen in the various 
operations of war directed against Italy. In fact, it is only thanks 
to the assistance afforded her by Germany in the most varied forms 
that Austria-Hungary has recently been able to concentrate her most 
extensive effort against Italy. It is also worth while to recall the 
transmission, by the German Government to Austria-Hungary, of 
the Italian prisoners who had escaped from the Austro-Hungarian 
concentration camps and taken refuge in German territory. 

Among the measures of an economic character which were hostile 
to Italy it will be sufficient to cite the invitation which, at the instance 
of the imperial department of foreign affairs, was directed to German 
credit institutions and bankers to consider every Italian citizen as a 
hostile foreigner and to suspend payments due him; also the suspen 
sion of payment to Italian laborers of the pensions due them by virtue 
of the formal provisions of the German law. 

The Government of His Majesty the King did not think that it 
could longer tolerate such a state of things, which aggravates, to the 
exclusive detriment of Italy, the sharp contrast between the de facto 
and the de jure situation already arising from the fact of the alliance 
of Italy and of Germany with two groups of nations at war among 
one another. 



ITALY. 47 

For these reasons the Royal Government has in the name of His 
Majesty the King, notified the German Government through the 
Swiss Government that, as from to-day, 28 August, Italy considers 
herself in a state of war with Germany. 

Please accept, etc. 

Macchi di Cellere. 
ITALY against TURKEY. 

Notification of the declaration of war against Turkey, noon, 21 

A uguxt. 1915} 

The Italian Ambassador to the Secretary of State of the United States. 

[Archives of the Department of State.] 

Xo. 2651. Italian Embassy, 

Beverly Farms, Mass., 21 August. 1915. 

Mr. Secretary of State: I have the honor, by order of my Gov- 
ernment, to bring the following to your excellency's knowledge. 

From the date of the signature of the treaty of peace of Lausanne, 
on 18 October. 1912, the Ottoman Government has been violating 
that treaty, and the violations have not ceased for an instant until 
now. 

As a matter of fact the Imperial Government never adopted in 
earnest any measure to bring about the immediate cessation of 
hostilities in Libya, as it was bound to do under its covenants sol- 
emnly entered into; and it did nothing toward the release of the 
Italian prisoners of war. The Ottoman soldiers remaining in Tripoli 
and Cyrenaica were kept there under command of their own officers, 
continuing to use the Ottoman flag, holding possession of their rifles 
and cannons. Enver Bey continued to direct in person the hostilities 
against the Italian Army until the end of November, 1912, and Aziz 
Bey did not leave those parts with 800 men of the regular forces 
until June, 1913. The way in which both these commanders were 
received on their return to Turkey is proof evident that their acts 
were fully assented to by the imperial authorities. After Aziz Bey's 
departure, on the other hand, officers of the Turkish Army continued 
to find their way into Cyrenaica. On this very day there are more 
than a hundred there whose names are known to the Italian Govern- 
ment. In April last 35 young men from Benghazi, whom Enver Bey 
had taken to Constantinople against the will of the Eoyal Govern- 
ment and who were there admitted into the military academy, were 
sent back to Cyrenaica without our knowledge. Again the King's 
Government positively knows, any declaration to the contrary not- 
withstanding, that the holy war was also proclaimed against the 

1 The Royal Italian ambassador at Paris made known on the 29th Aug., 1915, that 
the Royal Italian Government declared war on Turkey on the date of 20 Aug., 1915, at 
12 o'clock noon. (Journal Offlciel, 31 Aug., 1915. p. 6107.) 

92S38— 19 4 



48 ITALY. 

Italians in Africa in 1914; and a mission of Turkish officers and 
soldiers bearing gifts to the Senussi chiefs in rebellion against the 
Italian authorities in Libya were recently captured by French 
warships. 

The relations of peace and friendship which the Italian Govern- 
ment thought it could establish with the Ottoman Government after 
the treaty of Lausanne therefore never existed, through the latter's 
fault. And after every diplomatic representation against violations 
of the treaty had proved utterly useless there remained nothing for 
the Eoyal Government to do but to provide otherwise for the safe- 
guard of the high interests of the State and the defense of its colonies 
against the persistent menace and the actual acts of hostility on the 
part of the Ottoman Government. 

It became all the more necessary and urgent to reach a decision, as 
the Ottoman Government quite recently committed patent invasions 
of the rights, interests, and very freedom of Italian citizens in the 
Empire, the more energetic protests entered on this point by the 
King's ambassador at Constantinople being of no avail. In the pres- 
ence of the tergiversations of the Ottoman Government on the specific 
point of letting Italian citizens freely depart from Asia Minor, these 
protests had. in these last few days, to assume the form of an ultima- 
tum. On the 3d of the month the royal ambassador at Constantinople 
addressed by order of the Koyal Government a note to the Grand 
Vizier setting forth the following four demands : 

1. That the Italians be free to leave Beirut. 

2. That the Italians in Smyrna, the port of Vourla being un- 
available, be allowed to leave by way of Sigadjik. 

3. That the Ottoman Government let Italians embark unmolested 
from Mersina. Alexandretta, Caiffa, and Jaffa. 

4. That the local authorities in the interior stop opposing the de- 
parture of royal subjects proceeding to the coast, and, on the con- 
trary, endeavor to facilitate their journey. 

On the 5th of August, before the expiration of the term of 48 
hours set in the Eoyal Government's ultimatum, the Ottoman Gov- 
ernment, in a note signed by the Grand Vizier, accepted every point 
in the Italian demands. On the strength of such solemn declarations 
the King's Government arranged to send two ships to Khodes with 
instructions to await orders to proceed and take on board the Italian 
citizens, who for some time had been staying in the above-named 
ports of Asia Minor, until they could return home. But now it ap- 
pears from reports of the American consular officers whom the 
United States Government has graciously authorized to assume the 
protection of Italian interests at various posts that the Turkish mili- 
tary authority at Beirut canceled on the 9th instant the permit to 
leave granted but a short time before. It was likewise canceled at 



JAPAN. 49 

Mersina. It was further announced that the Ottoman military au- 
thorities had opposed the embarkation of other Italians residing in 
Syria. 

In the presence of this patent breach of categorical promises made 
by the Ottoman Government in consequence of the Italian Govern- 
ment's ultimatum the Royal Government has issued instructions to 
His Majesty's ambassador at Constantinople to deliver a declaration 
of war on Turkey. And the declaration of war was delivered this 
day at Constantinople to the Ottoman Government by the King's 
ambassador. 

Accept, etc., 

V. Macchi di Cellere. 



JAPAN. 

JAPAN against GERMANY. 

Ultimatum to Germany, 15 August, 191^. 

[Official Japanese Documents, No. 3 : Austro-HuD^arian Red Book No. 66.] 

Telegram dispatched by the Imperial Japanese Government to the charge 
d'affaires ad interim at Berlin on 15 August, 1914. 

You are hereby instructed to address to Herr von Jagow imme- 
diately on receipt of this telegram a signed note to the following 
effect : 

The undersigned, charge d'affaires ad interim of His Majesty the 
Emperor of Japan, has the honor in pursuance of instructions from 
his Government, to communicate to his excellency the minister for 
foreign affairs of His Majesty, the German Emperor to the follow- 
ing effect : 

Considering it highly important and necessary in the present situation to 
take measures to remove all causes of disturbance to the peace of the Far East 
and to safeguard the general interests contemplated by the agreement of alli- 
ance between Japan and Great Britain in order to secure a firm and enduring 
peace in eastern Asia, which is the aim of the said agreement, the Imperial 
Japanese Government sincerely believe it their duty to give advice to the 
Imperial German Government to carry out the following two propositions : 

First. To withdraw immediately from the Japanese and Chinese waters 
German men-of-war and armed vessels of all kinds and to disarm at once 
those which can not be so withdrawn; 

Second. To deliver on a date not later than 15 September, 1914, to the 
Imperial Japanese authorities without condition or compensation the entire 
leased territory of Kiaochou with a view to eventual restoration of the same 
to < !hina. 

The Imperial Japanese Government announce at the same time that in the 
event of their not receiving by noon, 23 August, 1914. the answer of the Imperial 
German Government signifying unconditional acceptance of the above advice 
offered by the Imperial Japanese Government they will be compelled to take 
such action as they may deem necessary to meet the situation. 

The undersigned, etc. 



50 LIBERIA. 

Proclamation of war with Germany, noon. ,2J August, 1914. 

[Official Japanese documents, No. 1.] 
The imperial rescript issued at Tokio, 23 August, 1914, 6 p. m. 

We, by the grace of Heaven, Emperor of Japan, seated on the 
throne occupied by the same dynasty from time immemorial, do 
hereby make the following proclamation to all our loyal and brave 
subjects: 

We hereby declare war against Germany, and we command our 
army and navy to carry on hostilities against that Empire with all 
their strength, and we also command all our competent authorities 
to make every effort, in pursuance of their respective duties to attain 
the national aim by all means within the limits of the law of nations. 

Since the outbreak of the present war in Europe, calamitous effect 
of which we view with grave concern, we on our part have enter- 
tained hopes of preserving the peace of the Far East by the main- 
tenance of strict neutrality, but the action of Germany has at length 
compelled Great Britain, our ally, to open hostilities against that 
country, and Germany is at Kiaochou, its leased territory in China, 
busy with warlike preparations, while its armed vessels cruising seas 
of eastern Asia are threatening our commerce and that of our ally. 
The peace of the Far East is thus in jeopardy. 

Accordingly, our Government and that of His Britannic Majesty, 
after full and frank communication with each other, agreed to take 
such measures as may be necessary for the protection of the general 
interests, contemplated in the agreement of alliance, and we on our 
part being desirous to attain that object by peaceful means com- 
mended our Government to offer with sincerity an advice to the Im- 
perial German Government. By the last day appointed for the pur- 
pose, however, our Government failed to receive an answer accepting 
their advice. It is with profound regret that we, in spite of our 
ardent devotion to the cause of peace, are thus compelled to declare 
war, especially at this early period of our reign and while we are still 
in mourning for our lamented mother. 

It is our earnest wish that by the loyalty and valor of our faithful 
subjects peace may soon be restored and the glory of the Empire be 
enhanced. 



LIBERIA. 

LIBERIA against GERMANY. 

Joint resolution declaring the exisU nee of a state of "-or with 
Germany, 4 August, 1017. 

[Acts passed by the Legislature of the Republic of Liberia, 1017 : 11.] 

Whereas on the 8th day of May, 1917, the Government of the 
Republic of Liberia found it necessarv in the interest of the Eepublic 



LIBERIA. 51 

to sever official relations with the Government of the German Empire 
for reasons set forth in the despatch of the Secretary of State to 
the Representative of the Imperial German Government at Monrovia 
and in the manifesto of the President of the Republic to the people 
of Liberia dated June 1, 1917; and 

Whereas the essential interests of Liberia demand that this Re- 
public should align itself with those powers who, in the world con- 
flict now going on, are upholding principles of humanity, of public 
right, and international conduct, upon which the security of inter- 
national society is founded; Therefore, 

It is resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
lie public of Liberia in Legislature assembled — 

Section 1. That the action of the President in severing official re- 
lations with the Government of the German Empire and all steps 
in relation thereto already taken by the Executive Department of this 
Government be and the same are hereby unanimously approved. 

Sec. 2. That the President be and he is hereby authorized to deport 
from the Republic all and every German subject resident within the 
borders thereof and to sequester and liquidate all German commercial 
property within the Republic and to denounce all commercial and 
political understandings heretofore had with the Government of the 
German Empire. 

Sec. 3. That the Legislature of Liberia recognizing the duty of 
this Republic to humanity, to civilization, and to assist in the main- 
tenance of the principles of public right, and appreciating the neces- 
sity for such a resolution in the interest of the Republic, do hereby 
authorize and approve of the alignment of the Republic with 
those States who are maintaining the conflict against the German 
Empire, and in pursuance of said resolution do declare that a state 
of war exists between the Republic of Liberia and the Government 
of the German Empire. 

Sec 4. That the President of the Republic be and he is hereby 
authorized and fully empowered to take all and every precaution to 
insure, and to make every and any necessary provision to maintain, 
the security of the State and its essential interests which the present 
international condition in his discretion justifies. 

Any law to the contrary notwithstanding. 

Approved August 1th, 1917. 



52 MONTENEGRO NICARAGUA. 

MONTENEGRO. 

MONTENEGRO against AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 

Notice of declaration of ivar against Austria-Hungary , 7 August, 191 J^. 

[London Times, 10 August, 1914, p. 6, d.] 

Vienna, 7 August, 1914- 
It is semiofficially announced that the Government of Montenegro 

has informed the Austro-Hungarian minister in Cettinje that they 

consider themselves in a state of Avar with Austria. 
The minister has left Cettinje. (Reuter.) 



NICARAGUA. 

NICARAGUA against GERMANY AND AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 

Decree declaring a state of war with Germany and Austria-Hungary, 

6 May, 1918. 

[Archives of the Department of State.] 

The Senate and Chamber of Deputies decree : 

1. From this date there exists and is declared a state of war be- 
tween Nicaragua and the Imperial Governments of Germany and 
Austria-Hungary. 

2. Nicaragua declares itself united with the United States of 
America and with all the other Latin American Republics which 
are now at war with the above-mentioned Imperial Governments. 

3. Therefore martial law is declared in the Republic and the Ex- 
ecutive Power is empowered to take all measures which he may judge 
proper and necessary for the efficacious cooperation of Nicaragua in 
carrying out this decree. 

Done in the hall of sessions of the Chamber of Deputies, Managua, 

6 May, 1918. 

Salvador Chamorro, D. P. 
Gabry Rivas, D. S. » 
Fernando Ig. Martinez, D. S. 
To the Executive Power. 

Senate Chamber, 8 May, 1918. 

Pedro Gonzales, S. P. 



Therefore, let it be executed. 



Sebastian Uriza, S. S. 
F. M. J. Morales, jS. S. 

President's House, 

8 May, 1918. 
Emiliano Chamorro. 
J. A. Urtecho, 

The Minister for Foreign Affairs. 



PANAMA. 53 

PANAMA. 

PANAMA against AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 
Declaration of war against Austria-Hungary, 10 December, 1917. 

[Archives of the Department of State.] 

The National Assembly of Panama : In view of the message of the 
President in which he advises the National Assembly of the declara- 
tion of war made by the Congress of the United States of America 
on the Austro-Hungarian Empire and considering that the Republic 
of Panama has expressed before in its laws and resolutions its firm 
willingness to lend to the United States of America all the powers 
and cooperation it may be capable of in the present Avar, making 
common cause with the democratic nations which are fighting to 
impede the predominance of the world by the Teuton powers, 

Resolves, That the Republic of Panama be declared in a state of 
Avar from to-day, 10 December, 1917. with the Austro-Hungarian 
Empire. 

The President is invested with the necessary powers to cooperate 
with the United States of America in the prosecution of the war in 
accordance with the principles of international law, giving compli- 
ance in the best possible manner to that which is prescribed by 
Article VIII of the National Constitution. 

PANAMA against GERMANY. 

Proclamation of cooperation with the United States in ivar against 
Germany, 7 April, 1917. 

[Archives of the Department of State.] 
PROCLAMATION. 

The Congress of the United States of America has declared that a 
state of war exists between that country and the German Empire, 
and such declaration imposes upon the Republic of Panama grave 
and unavoidable obligations. 

If any other country of the world were affected, the elemental duty 
of Panama would be to maintain itself within the limits of a strict 
neutrality; but it being a conflict in which is involved the United 
States of America, a Ration which by the virtue of a perpetual public 
treaty guarantees and maintains the independence and sovereignty of 
Panama, and has constructed within Panamanian territory a Avon- 
derf ul work necessary for the commerce of the world and whose con- 
servation is essential for the development and the progress of our 
country, neutrality is impossible. 



54 PORTUGAL. 

Our clear and indisputable duty in this dreadful hour of human 
history is that of a natural ally whose interests, and whose very ex- 
istence are linked in a perpetual and indissoluble manner with the 
United States of America, and this is the meritorious attitude which 
it is incumbent upon us to adopt. And as such a situation creates 
danger for our country, it is the duty of the Panamanian people to 
cooperate with all the energies and resources at its disposal for the 
protection and defense of the Panama Canal and to safeguard the 
territory of the nation. 

This attitude of the Panamanian people was foreseen and faith- 
fully interpreted by the National Assembly in a resolution unani- 
mously approved on the 24th of February last, and confirmed after- 
wards in the introductory clauses and in the text of Law 4G of 1917, 
and the moment has arrived for the Executive Power to act in ac- 
cordance with the declaration of the Supreme Body of the Republic. 

Therefore, I, Ramon M. Valdes, President of the Republic of 
Panama, declare that the Panamanian nation will lend its emphatic 
cooperation to the United States of America against the enemies who 
may execute or attempt to execute hostile acts against the territory 
of Panama or against the Panama Canal, or which in any manner 
may aifect or tend to affect the common interests of the two countries. 

The Government will adopt the measures adequate to these ends 
as circumstances may demand them, and considers that it is a patri- 
otic duty for all Panamanian citizens to facilitate the military opera- 
tions which the forces of the United States may need to undertake 
within the territorial limits of our country designed for the defense 
of the common rights and interests of the two nations. 

It is the duty of foreigners, resident or transient, to submit their 
conduct to this declaration under the penalties established by the 
laws of the country and by the rules of international law. 

(Signed) Ramon M. Valdes. 

Panama, 7 April, 1917. 



PORTUGAL. 

PORTUGAL against GERMANY. 

Law authorizing military intervention. L 2\ November, 1914- 1 

[Coleccao Official de Les>islacao Portuguesa, 1914, 2 : 591.] 

(Resolution passed 23 November, 1914, according to message received by U. S. 

Department of State.) 

President of the Ministry. — Law No. 283. 

In the name of the nation the Congress of the Republic decrees 
and has promulgated the following law : 

1 According to the Official U. S. Bulletin of 7 November, 1918, p. 3, military aid was 
granted by Portugal on 19 May, 1915. 



ROUMANIA. 55 

Single Article. The executive power is authorized to intervene 
by military measures in the present international conflict at the 
time and in the manner it should judge necessary for our high in- 
terests and duties as a free nation and ally of England and for 
the same end to take airy extraordinary steps which the circumstances 
of the moment may demand. 

Let the ministers of all departments have it printed, published, 
and circulated. 

Given at the seat of the government of the Republic and published 
24 Xovember, 1914. 

Manuel de Arriaga. Atjgtjsto Eduardo Neuparth. 

Bernardino Machado. A. Freire de Andrade. 

Eduardo Augusta de Sousa Joao Maria de Almeida Lima. 

Monteiro. Alfredo Augusta Lisboa de 

Antonio dos Santos Lucas. Lima. 

Axtoxio Julio da Costa Pereira Jose de Matos Sobral Cm. 

de Eqa. 



ROUMANIA. 

ROUMANIA against AUSTRIA-HUNGARY AND HER ALLIES. 

Declaration of war against Austria- Hungary, 9 y. was., 27 August, 

1916} 

[The Times (Loudon) History of the War, 9 : 430; Revue Generale de Droit International 
Public, Documents, 23 : 197.] 

Note handed to the Austro-Hungarian Minister at Bucharest, 27 August, 

1916. 

The Alliance concluded between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and 
Italy had, according to the precise statements of the Governments 
themselves, only an essentially conservative and defensive character. 
Its principal object was to guarantee the allied countries against any 
attack from outside and to consolidate the state of things created by 
previous treaties. It was with the desire to harmonize her policy with 
these pacific tendencies that Roumania joined that alliance. Devoted 
to the work of her internal constitution and faithful to her firm reso- 
lution to remain in the region of the lower Danube an element of 
order and equilibrium. Roumania has not ceased to contribute to the 
maintenance of peace in the Balkans. The last Balkan wars, by 
destroying the status quo, imposed upon her a new line of conduct. 

^Amsterdam, 28 August, 19J8. 
A Vienna telegram states that last night the Roumanian minister in Vienna visited the 
Austro-Hungarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in order to present a note according to 
which Roumania, as from 27 August, at 9 o'clock in the evening, considered herself in a 
state of war with Austria-Hunsary. (London Times, 29 Aug.. 1916, p. 7, e. See also 
Journal Offlciel, 5 Sept., 1916, p. 7959.) 



56 ROUMANIA. 

Her intervention gave peace and reestablished the equilibrium. For 
herself she was satisfied with a rectification of the frontier which 
gave her greater security against aggression, and which, at the same 
time repaired the injustice committed to her detriment at the Congress 
of Berlin. But in the pursuit of this aim Roumania was disap- 
pointed to observe that she did not meet from the cabinet of Vienna 
the attitude that she was entitled to expect. 

When the present war broke out Roumania, like Italy, declined to 
associate herself with the declaration of war by Austria-Hungary, of 
which she had not been notified by the cabinet of Vienna. In the 
spring of 1915 Italy declared war against Austria-Hungary. The 
Triple Alliance no longer existed. The reasons which determined 
the adherence of Roumania to this political system disappeared. At 
the same time, in place of a grouping of States seeking by common 
efforts to work in agreement in order to assure peace and the con- 
servation of the situation de facto and de jure created by treaties, Rou- 
mania found herself in presence of powers making war on each other 
for the sole purpose of transforming from top to bottom the old 
arrangements which had served as a basis for their treaty of alliance. 

These profound changes were for Roumania an evident proof that 
the object that she had pursued in joining the Triple Alliance could no 
longer be attained, and that she must direct her views and her efforts 
toward new paths, the more so as the work undertaken by Austria- 
Hungary assumed a character threatening the essential interests of 
Roumania. as well as her most legitimate national aspirations. 

In the presence of so radical a modification of the situation between 
the Austro-Hungarian monarchy and Roumania the latter resumed 
her liberty of action. 

The neutrality which the Royal Government imposed upon itself 
in consequence of a declaration of war made independent of its will 
and contrary to its interests was adopted, in the first instance, as a 
result of assurances given at the outset by the Imperial and Royal 
Government that the monarchy, in declaring war upon Serbia, was 
not inspired by a spirit of conquest, and that it had absolutely no 
territorial acquisitions in view. These assurances were not realized. 
To-day we are confronted by a situation de facto from which may 
arise great territorial transformations and political changes of a 
nature to constitute a grave menace to the security and future of 
Roumania. 

The work of peace which Roumania, faithful to the spirit of the 
Triple Alliance, had attempted to accomplish was thus rendered barren 
by those who themselves were called upon to support and defend it. 

In adhering, in 1883, to the group of central powers, Roumania, far 
from forgetting the ties of blood uniting the people of her kingdom 
to those Roumanians who are subject to the Austro-Hungarian mon- 



EOUMANIA. 57 

archy, saw in the relations of friendship and alliance which were 
established between the three great powers a precious pledge for her 
domestic tranquility as well as for the improvement of the lot of 
the Roumanians of Austria-Hungary. In effect, Germany and Italy, 
who had reconstituted their States on the basis of the principle of 
nationality, could not but recognize the legitimacy of the foundation 
on which their own existence reposed. 

As for Austria-Hungary, she found in friendly relations estab- 
lished between her and the Kingdom of Roumania assurances for her 
tranquility both in her interior and on our common frontiers, for she 
was bound to know to what an extent the discontent of her Rou- 
manian population found an echo among us, threatening every 
moment to trouble the good relations between the two States. 

The hope that we based from this point of view upon our adhesion 
to the triple alliance remained unfulfilled during more than 30 years. 
The Roumanians of the monarchy not only never saw any reform 
introduced of a nature to give them even the semblance of satisfac- 
tion, but, on the contrary, they were treated as an inferior race, and 
condemned to suffer the oppression of a foreign element which con- 
stitutes only a minority in the midst of the diverse nationalities con- 
stituting the Austro-Hungarian State. All the injustices which our 
brothers were thus made to suffer maintained between our country 
and the monarchy a continual state of animosity, which the Govern- 
ment of the kingdom only succeeded in appeasing at the cost of great 
difficulties and numerous sacrifices. 

When the present war broke out it might have been hoped that the 
Austro-Hungarian Government, at least at the last moment, would 
end by convincing itself of the urgent necessity of putting an end to 
this injustice, which endangered not only our relations of friendship, 
but even the normal relations which ought to exist between neighbor- 
ing States. Two years of war, during which Roumania has preserved 
her neutrality, proved that Austria-Hungary, hostile to all domestic 
reform that might ameliorate the life of the peoples she governs, 
showed herself as prompt to sacrifice them as she was powerless to 
defend them against external attacks. The war, in which almost the 
whole of Europe is taking part, raises the gravest problems affecting 
the national development and the very existence of States. Rouma- 
nia, from a desire to contribute in hastening the end of the conflict 
and governed by the necessity of safeguarding her racial interests, 
finds herself forced to enter into line by the side of those who are able 
to assure her the realization of her national unity. For these reasons 
she considers herself from this moment in a state of war with 
Austria-Hungary. 



58 KUSSJA. 

RUSSIA. 

RUSSIA against BULGARIA. 

Proclamation of war against Bulgaria, 19 October, 1915. 

[International Law Documents, Naval War College, 1917:209.] 

We hereby make known to all our loyal subjects that the treason 
of Bulgaria to the Slav cause, prepared with perfidy since the begin- 
ning of the Avar, has now, although it seemed impossible, become an 
accomplished fact. Bulgarian troops have attacked our loyal ally. 
Serbia, already bleeding- in the struggle against a stronger enemy. 

Russia and the great powers, our allies, tried to dissuade the Gov- 
ernment of Ferdinand of Coburg from taking this fatal step. The 
realization of the ancient aspirations of the Bulgar people regarding 
the annexation of Macedonia was assured to Bulgaria by other mean-, 
m conformity with Slav interests, but underhand methods, prompted 
by the Germans, and fratricidal hatred of the Serbians triumphed. 

Bulgaria, our coreligionist, liberated but a short time ago from the 
Turkish yoke b}' the fraternal love of the Russian people, openly 
took sides with the enemies of the Christian faith. Slavism, and 
Russia. 

The Russian people regard with sorrow the treason of Bulgaria, 
which was so near to it until these last few days. and. with bleeding 
heart, it draws its sword against her, leaving the fate of the betrayer 
of the Slav cause to the just punishment of God. 

RUSSIA against TURKEY. 

Xote on the occasion, of war with Turkey, 3 November, 1914. 

[Revue Oenerale de Droit International Public, Documents, 22:6.] 

Germany and Austria, in their futile struggle against Russia, have 
sought to incite Turkey against that power. Immediately after the 
perfidious attack by the Turkish fleet, conducted by German officers, 
the Russian ambassadors at Constantinople received orders to leave 
the Ottoman Empire with all the personnel of the embassy and of 
the Russian consulates. It is with a perfect and confident tran- 
quility, and invoking the aid of God, that Russia will meet this new 
aggression of the ancient persecutors of the Christian religion and 
all Slav peoples. It is not for the first time that the valiant armies 
of Russia will have triumphed over the Turkish hordes. They will 
know again how to chastise the rcr-Mess enemy of our fatherland. 



SERBIA SIAM. 59 

SERBIA. 

SERBIA against BULGARIA. 

Notification of a state of war icith Bulgaria, 16 October, 1915. 

[Revue Generale de Droit International Public, Documents, 23 : 150.] 

Serbia, having been attacked by the Bulgars without declaration of 
war on the part of the Government at Sofia, is obliged to consider 
herself as being, by the force of circumstances, in a state of war with 
Bulgaria. The official date of the state of war between Serbia and 
Bulgaria is 14 October, 1915, at 8 o'clock in the morning. 

SERBIA against GERMANY. 

Notification of the existence of a state of war between- Serbia and 
Germany, dated 30 November, 1917. 

[Archives of the Department of State.] 

Referring to your letter of 6 October, 1917, concerning the request 
of the Serbian Military Mission that it be permitted to recruit 
Serbians in the United States for military service under the Serbian 
flag on the Saloniki front, I have the honor to transmit herewith 
copy of a note received from the Serbian legation at this capital 
containing the information that the Serbian Government considers 
that a state of war between Serbia and Germany " exists since 6 
August, 1914." 

SERBIA against TURKEY. 

Proclamation against Turkey, 8 January, 1915. 

[Serbian Official Journal, 8 Jan., 1015; see also Revue Generate de Droit International 
Public, Documents, 22:103.] 

Turkey, having declared a holy war on Serbia and its allies, 
treaties, conventions, and agreements concluded between Turkey and 
Serbia cease to have effect; thus the treaty of 1 March, 1914, ter- 
minates from the 1st of December. 



SIAM. 
SIAM against AUSTRIA-HUNGARY AND GERMANY. 

Notification of declaration of war against Germany and Austria- 
Hungary, 22 July, 1917. 

[Official U. S. Bulletin, No. 62, p. 1.] 

A telegram to the Department of Slate from the American lega- 
tion at Bangkok, dated 22 July, states that Siam declared war 
[-gainst Germany and Austria about G o'clock that da v. German 



60 TURKEY. 

and Austrian subjects were being interned. The German and 
Austrian legations were protected by special guards. All German 
ships were interned at once. 



TURKEY. 

TURKEY against BOUMANIA. 

Notification of declaration of war against Roumania, delivered to the 

Roumanian consul at Constantinople, 8 p. m., 31 August, 1916. 

[Revue Generale de Droit International Public, Documents, 23 : 199.] 

The council of Ottoman ministers met on 28 August, 1916, and 
decided to declare war on Roumania. This decision was imme- 
diately sanctioned by an irade of the Sultan. 

[Telegram to the Department of State from Constantinople, received 2 September, 1910.] 

Secretary or State, 

Washington, 2053, 30 August, 6 p. m. 
Urgent. 

Ottoman Council of Ministers yesterday adopted decision subse- 
quently sanctioned by Imperial decree by which Turkey in common 
action with Germany and Bulgaria declares war on Roumania. 

Philip. 
TURKEY against ALLIES. 

Notification of (led a rat ion of tear against allies, 16 November, WlJf. 

[From a despatch to the Department of State from Constantinople, dated 16 November, 

1914.] 

On the 11th instant, a formal declaration of war was made by 
Imperial Irade. I have the honor to enclose herewith copy and trans- 
lation of a proclamation issued on the 12th instant, declaring a holy 
war. This manifesto was undoubtedly calculated to inflame the 
religious fanaticism of the Moslems and a demonstration was made 
by them on the 14th which forms the subject of a separate despatch. 

TURKEY against GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE and RUSSIA. 

Manifesto of II. I. 31. the Sultan, proclaiming a Holy War, 12 

November, 191 [. 

[Translated from La Turquie, Constantinople, 13 November, 1914.] 

To my army, to my navy : 

Following the declaration of war between the Great Powers, I 
called you to arms to defend — in case of necessity — against enemies 



TURKEY. 61 

seeking to take advantage of circumstances to defend our Govern- 
ment and our territories which have always been the object of il- 
legal attacks. While we were living in armed neutrality, the Rus- 
sian fleet, which was equipped to lay mines at the outlet of the Black 
Sea, unexpectedly opened fire on our fleet which was maneuvering. 
This attack was contrary to international law and while one should 
expect that Russia would make amends, both the said State and her 
allies, the English and the French, broke off their diplomatic rela- 
tions with our Government, in recalling their ambassadors. Immedi- 
ately thereafter, Russian soldiers attacked our eastern frontier; the 
allied English and French fleet fired on the Dardanelles, and the 
English ships on Akaba. As a result of these treacherous acts of 
hostility, repeated one after the other, we have been obliged to break 
the peace that we always wanted, to take arms to defend our legal 
interests in allying ourselves to Germany and Austria-Hungary. 

The Russian Government has caused many territorial losses to the 
Imperial Government in the last three centuries. On every occasion 
it has sought to destroy by war and by a thousand kinds of devices 
every force which could increase our national power. 

The Russian, French, and English Governments which by their 
oppressive dominations bring forth groans from millions of Mo- 
hammedans attached to our Caliphate have never ceased to nourish 
evil intentions toward our Caliphate and they have been the cause 
and the instigators of all the disasters that have befallen us. This, 
then, is the great war that we have undertaken to put to an end, with 
God's help, to the attacks directed against our Caliphate and against 
the other rights of our Empire.' Thanks to Him. and to the spiritual 
assistance of our prophet, our fleet in the Black Sea, and our brave 
soldiers at the Dardanelles, at Akaba, and in the Caucasus have 
struck the first blow against the enemy, which increases our belief 
in our victory in the path of righteousness which is with us. To-day 
the countries and the armies of our enemies are crushed under the 
victorious feet of our allies, which tends to confirm our conviction. 

My heroic soldiers ! \ 

Do not abandon for a single instant your resolution, your energy, 
and sacrifices in this holy war which we have declared in defense of 
our beloved religion and fatherland. Attack the enemy like lions be- 
cause on your victory depends the life and the protection of my Gov- 
ernment and of 300,000,000 of Moslems whom I have called to the 
great holy war by a holy fetva. / 

In the mesdjids, the mosques, the hearts of 300,000.000 of innocent 
and oppressed Mohammedans, addressing prayers and invocations 
to the Creator, are with you. 

Soldiers, my children ! 



62 TURKEY. 

The duty which is incumbent on you to-day has not been assumed 
by an}^ army in the world. In fulfilling this duty, show that you are 
the descendants of the Ottoman armies who at one time made the 
world tremble in order that the enemy of religion and of the state 
may not dare to foul our sacred soil and may not be able to disturb 
the tranquility of the sacred ground of Hedjaz which holds the Kaaba 
of God and the sacred tomb of the Prophet. Show clearly the ex- 
istence of a Turkish Army and Navy which knows how to scorn 
death for their king, and which knows how to defend by arms their 
religion, their country, and their military honor. Eight and justice 
are on our side and since enmity and oppression are on the side of 
our enemies there is no doubt that the protection of God and the 
aid of the Prophet are ours to destroy our enemies. We will come out 
of this Holy War a state strong and 'glorious, having repaired its, 
losses of the past. Do not forget that you are the brothers in arms 
of the two most courageous and strong armies in the world with 
whom we march in this war. 

Let those who may fall on the field of honor carry to those who 
before them have poured out their blood for their country good news 
of victory. Let the sword of the surviving heroes be sharpened. 

MOHEMED EECHAD. 



Proclamation of war against Great Britain, Russia, and France, 

14 November, 191^. 

[Translated from the Corriere della Sera, 16 November, 1914.] 

Official Note Issued by the Turkish Government in Reply to the Circular 
Addressed, by Sir Edward Grey to the Powers. 

England complains that Turkey, without any preliminary notice, 
bought two warships from Germany. It should be borne in mind, 
however, that before war was declared the English Government 
ordered the seizure of two dreadnaughts that were being built for 
Turkey in British yards, and that one of these dreadnaughts, the 
Sultan Osman, was seized half an hour before the appointed time 
when the Turkish flag was to have been raised over the ship, and 
that finally no indemnity was paid for these confiscations. 

It is natural, therefore, that Turkey, finding itself deprived of the 
two warships that were considered indispensable for the defense of 
the Empire, hastened to remedy the loss by acquiring the two ships 
offered in a friendly spirit by the German Government. 

England complains of the closing of the Dardanelles. But the 
responsibility for this act falls on the British Government, as will 
appear from the following reasons, which determined the Turkish 



TURKEY. 63 

Government to take the final decision: In spite of the neutrality of 
Turkey, England, under the pretext that German officers were serv- 
ing on Turkish ships, declared officially that Turkish war vessels 
would be considered as hostile craft and would be attacked by the 
British fleet anchored at the entrance of the Straits. 

In view of this hostile declaration Turkey found itself compelled 
to close the Dardanelles in order to insure the safety of the capital. 
And as to the claims of England, it is evident that the presence of 
German officers on the Turkish warships was a question of internal 
politics and should not, therefore, have given rise to any protest on 
the part of a foreign power. 

(The note goes on to say that England, though asked to intervene 
in behalf of Turkey during the Balkan war, did everything that was 
in its power to bring about the downfall of the Turkish Empire. 
And when Adrianople was recaptured by the Turkish Array, the 
British prime minister did not hesitate to threaten Turkey with col- 
lective punishment on the part of the great powers if the city were 
not evacuated by the Turkish forces. The note continues as follows :) 

The designs of the British are not limited to the countries of 
Europe; they extend to the Gulf of Persia. England has carried 
out its plan of impairing the sovereign rights of Turkey and of 
opening up a way of access into Arabia, for a long time coveted by 
the English. 

Faithful to its policy of hostility England has ever opposed the 
attempts at reforms in Turkey. It exerted all its influence to pre- 
vent the powers from furnishing expert technical help to the Turkish 
Government. The Kaiser alone, disregarding the intrigues of Great 
Britain, authorized S. E. Liman von Sanders, Pasha, to reorganize 
the Turkish Army, that army which is challenging the British forces. 

(After having recalled the Franco-British convention of 1904, 
which " passed a sentence of death on Morocco and on Egypt," and 
j he agreement with Russia in reference to Persia, the note concludes:) 

England for more than a century has been striving to destroy 
the freedom of the Moslem so as to open up their countries to the 
greedy exploitation of the British merchants. The English Govern- 
ment, pursuing its program of hatred against the Moslem States, 
has succeeded in giving to its policy a religious color which insures to 
it the support and the adhesion of the English people, puritanic 
and fanatical. 

Let us be grateful to God who has given us the opportunity of vic- 
toriously defending the welfare of Islam against its three ruthless 
enemies, England, Russia, and France. 
9283S— 19 5 



64 TURKEY. 

TURKEY against GREAT BRITAIN, RUSSIA, FRANCE, MONTENEGRO, 
and SERBIA. 

Proclamation of a Holy War, the " Fetva" 15 November, 1914. 

[Translated from the Corriere della Sera, 16 November, 1914.] 

Constantinople, 15 Nov., 191$. 

Sixty thousand persons or thereabouts participated to-day in a 
mass meeting organized by several patriotic associations. The dif- 
ferent corporations that took part in the event marched to Fatickh 
Square, in the old Stamboul, where an immense crowd had assembled. 
In the mosque of Fatickh the "Fetva" proclaiming the Holy War 
was read by a special delegation of the Sheik ul Islam. The text 
of the " Fetva," drawn in the form of answers and questions, as re- 
quired by the rules of Islam, is as follows : 

" If several enemies unite against Islam, if the countries of Islam 
are sacked, if the Moslem populations are massacred or made captive, 
and if in this case the Padishah in conformity with the sacred words 
of the Koran proclaims the Holy War, is a participation in this war 
a duty for all Moslems, old and young, cavalry and infantry ? Must 
the Mohammedans of all countries of Islam hasten with their bodies 
and possessions to the Djat?" (Jehad) (Holy War). 

Answer. " Yes." 

"The Moslem subjects of Russia, of France, of England, and of 
all the countries that side with them in their land and sea attacks 
dealt against the Caliphate for the purpose of annihilating Islam, 
must these subjects, too, take part in the Holy War against the re- 
spective governments from which they depend?" 

Answer. " Yes." 

"Those who, at a time when all Moslems are summoned to fight, 
avoid the struggle and refuse to join in the Holy War. ar^ they ex- 
posed to the wrath of God. to great misfortunes, and to the deserved 
punishment ? " 

Answer. " Yes." 

" If the Moslem subjects of the said countries should take up arms 
against the Government of Islam, would they commit an unpar- 
donable sin, even if they have been driven to the war by threats of 
extermination uttered against themselves and their families?" 

Answer. " Yes." 

" The Moslems who in the present war are under England, France, 
Russia, Serbia, Montenegro, and those who give aid to these countries 
by waging war against Germany and Austria, allies of Turkey, do 
they deserve to be punished by the wrath of God as being the cause 
of harm and damage to the Caliphate and to Islam?" 

Answer. " Yes." 



UNITED STATES. 65 

UNITED STATES. 

UNITED STATES against AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 

Declaration of war against Austria-Hung ary , 5.03 p. m., 7 December, 

1911} 

[Public Resolution No. 17, 65th Congress.] 

Sixty-fifth Congress of the United States of America, al the second session, 
begun and held at the city of Washington on Monday, the 3d day of Decemher, 
1917. 

Joint resolution declaring that a state of war exists between the Imperial and 
Royal Austro-Hungarian Government and the Government and people of the 
United States and making provision to prosecute the same. 

Whereas the Imperial and Koyal Austro-Hungarian Government 
has committed repeated acts of war against the Government and the 
people of the United States of America : Therefore be it 

Resolved by. the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled, That a state of war 
is hereby declared to exist between the United States of America and 
the Imperial and Royal Austro-Hungarian Government; and that 
the President be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to employ 
the entire naval and military forces of the United States and the 
resources of the Government to carry on war against the Imperial 
and Royal Austro-Hungarian Government; and to bring the conflict, 
to a successful termination all the resources of the country are hereby 
pledged by the Congress of the United States. 

Champ Clark, 
Speaker of the House of Representatives. 

Thomas R. Marshall., 

Vice President of the United States 

and President of the Senate. 
Approved, 7th of December, 1917. 

Woodrow Wilson. 

Proclamation of war against Austria-Hungary, 11 December, 1917. 

[Official U. S. Bulltin, No. 1S3, p. 1.] 

By the President of the United States of America. 
A PROCLAMATION. 

Whereas the Congress of the United States, in the exercise of the 
constitutional authority vested in them, have resolved, by joint reso- 

1 The resolution was signed by President Wilson at 5.03 p. m., 7 Dec, 1917. (New 
York Times, 8 Dec, 1917, p. 1, a.) 



66 UNITED STATES. 

Jution of the Senate and House of Representatives bearing date of 
December 7, 1917, as follows : 

Whereas the Imperial and Royal Austro-Hungarian Government lias com- 
mitted repeated acts of war against the Government and the people of the 
United States of America : Therefore be it 

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States 
of America in Congress assembled. That a state of War is hereby declared to 
exist between the United States of America and the Imperial and Royal 
Austro-Hnngarian Government; and that the President be, and he is hereby, 
authorized and directed to employ the entire naval and military forces of the 
United States and -the resources of the Government to carry on war against 
the Imperial and Royal Austro-Hungarian Government; and to bring the con- 
flict to a successful termination all the resources of the country are hereby 
pledged by the Congress of the United States. 

Whereas, by sections 1067, 1068, 1069, and 1070 of the Revised 
Statutes, provision is made relative to natives, citizens, denizens, or 
subjects of a hostile nation or government, being males of the age 
of 11 years and upwards, who shall be in the United States and not 
actually naturalized; 

Now, therefore, I, Woodrow Wilson, President of the United 
States of America, do hereby proclaim to all whom it may concern 
that a state of war exists between the United States and the Imperial 
and Royal Austro-Hungarian Government; and I do specially direct 
all officers, civil or military, of the United States that they exercise 
vigilance and zeal in the discharge of the duties incident to such a 
state of war; and I do, moreover, earnestly appeal to all American 
citizens that they, in loyal devotion to their country, dedicated from 
its foundation to the principles of liberty and justice, uphold the 
laws of the land and give undivided and willing support to those 
measures which may be adopted by the constitutional authorities in 
prosecuting the war to a successful issue and in obtaining a secure 
and just peace; 

And, acting under and by virtue of the authority vested in me by 
the Constitution of the United States and the aforesaid sections of 
the Revised Statutes, I do hereby further proclaim and direct that 
the conduct to be observed on the part of the United States toward 
all natives, citizens, denizens, or subjects of Austria-Hungary, being 
males of the age of 11 years and upward who shall be within the 
United States and not actually naturalized, shall be as follows : 

All natives, citizens, denizens, or subjects of Austria-Hungary, 
being males of 14 years and upwards, who shall be within the United 
States and not actually naturalized, are enjoined to preserve the 
peace toward the United States and to refrain from crime against 
the public safety, and from violating the laws of the United States 
and of the States and Territories thereof, and to refrain from actual 



UNITED STATES. 67 

hostility or giving information, aid, or comfort to the enemies of the 
United States, and to comply strictly with the regulations which are 
hereby or which may be from time to time promulgated by the Presi- 
dent ; and so long as they shall conduct themselves in accordance with 
law they shall be undisturbed in the peaceful pursuit of their lives 
and occupations, and be accorded the consideration due to all peace- 
ful and law-abiding persons, except so far as restrictions may be 
necessary for their own protection and for the safety of the United 
States; and toward such of said persons as conduct themselves in 
accordance with law all citizens of the United States are enjoined to 
preserve the peace and to treat them with all such friendliness as 
may be compatible with loyalty and allegiance to the United States. 

And all natives, citizens, denizens, or subjects of Austria-Hungary, 
being males of the age of 14 years and upward, who shall be within 
the United States and not actually naturalized, who fail to conduct 
themselves as so enjoined, in addition to all other penalties prescribed 
by law, shall be liable to restraint, or to give security, or to remove 
and depart from the United States in the manner prescribed by sec- 
tions 4069 and 4070 of the Eevisecl Statutes, and as prescribed in 
regulations duly promulgated by the President; 

And pursuant to the authority vested in me, I hereby declare and 
establish the following regulations, which I find necessary in the 
premises and for the public safety : 

(1) No native, citizen, denizen, or subject of Austria-Hungary, 
being a male of the age of 14 years and upward and not actually 
naturalized, shall depart from the United States until he shall have 
received such permit as the President shall prescribe, or except under 
order of a court, judge, or justice, under sections 4069 and 4070 of 
the Revised Statutes; 

(2) No such person shall land in or enter the United States, ex- 
cept under such restrictions and at such places as the President may 
prescribe ; 

(3) Every such person of whom there may be reasonable cause 
to believe that he is aiding or about to aid the enemy, or who may 
be at large to the clanger of the public peace or safety, or who violates 
or attempts to violate, or of whom there is reasonable ground to be- 
lieve that he is about to violate any regulation duly promulgated by 
the President, or any criminal law of the United States, or of the 
States or Territories thereof, will be subject to summary arrest by 
the United States marshal, or his deputy, or such other officers as the 
President shall designate, and to confinement in such penitentiary, 
prison, jail, military camp, or other place of detention as may be 
directed bv the President. 



68 UNITED STATES. 

This proclamation and the regulations herein contained shall ex- 
tend and apply to all land and water, continental or insular, in any- 
way within the jurisdiction of the United States. 

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the 
seal of the United States to be affixed. 

Done in the District of Columbia this 11th of December, A. D. 
1917, and of the independence of the United States the one hundred 
and forty-second. 

Woodrow Wilson. 
By the President: 
Robert Lansing, 

Secretary of State. 

UNITED STATES against GERMANY. 

Declaration of war against Germany, 1.18 p. m., 6 April, 1917. 1 

[Public Resolution No. 1, 65th Cong.] 
[S.J. Res. 1.] 

Sixty-fifth Congress of the United States of America. At the first session begun 
and held at the city of Washington on Monday, the 2d day of April, 1917. 

Joint resolution declaring that a state of war exists between the Imperial Ger- 
man Government and the Government and the people of the United States 
and making provision to prosecute the same. 

Whereas the Imperial German Government has committed re- 
peated acts of war against the Government and the people of the 
United States of America : Therefore be it 

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United. 
States of America in Congress assembled, That the state of war be- 
tween the United States and the Imperial German Government which 
has thus been thrust upon the United States is hereby formally de- 
clared ; and that the President be, and he is hereby, authorized and 
directed to employ the entire naval and military forces of the United 
States and the resources of the Government to carry on war against 

*The resolution was signed by President Wilson at 1.18 p. m., 6 Apr., 1917. (New 
York Times, 7 Apr., 1917, p. 1, h.) 

The Judge Advocate General of the Army has delivered the following opinion : 
Upon the question raised as to the " date of commencement of the present war," with 
references to the action which should be taken on claims of officers and enlisted men of 
property destroyed in the military service under the act of Congress approved Mar. 3, 
1885, providing that the act " shall not apply to losses sustained in time of war or 
hostilities with Indians." 

Held, that the date of the commencement of the present war should be regarded as 
the date of approval of the joint resolution of Congress of Apr. 6, 1917 (Pub. No. 1, 
65th Cong.), formally declaring a state of war as existing between the United States and 
the Imperial German Government. 

(18-^61, J. A. G., 30 June, 1917. Official U. S. Bulletin, No. 120, p. 6.) 
" The words ' the beginning of the war,' as used herein, shall be deemed to mean 
midnight ending the day on whicli Congress has declared or shall declare war or the 
existence of a state of war." Act Oct. 6, 1917 (Trading with the enemy act), sec. 2. 



UNITED STATES. 69 

the Imperial German Government ; and to bring the conflict to a suc- 
cessful termination all the resources of the country are hereby pledged 
by the Congress of the United States. 

Champ Clark, 
Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
Thos. R. Marshall, 
Vice President of the United States and 

President of the Senate. 
Approved, April 6, 1917. 

Woodrow Wilson. 

Proclamation of war with Germain/, 6 April, 1017. 

Br the President of the United States or America. 

A PROCLAMATION. 

Whereas the Congress of the United States in the exercise of the 
constitutional authority vested in them have resolved, by joint reso- 
lution of the Senate and House of Representatives bearing date this 
day " That the state of war between the United States and the Im- 
perial German Government which has been thrust upon the United 
States is hereby formally declared"; 

Whereas it is provided by section 4067 of the Revised Statutes as 
follows : 

Whenever there is declared a war between the United States and any foreign 
nation or Government, or any invasion or predatory incursion is perpetrated, 
attempted, or threatened against the territory of the United States by any for- 
eign nation or Government, and the President makes public proclamation of the 
event, all natives, citizens, denizens, or subjects of the hostile nation or Gov- 
ernment, being males of the age of fourteen years and upwards, who shall be 
within the United States and not actually naturalized shall be liable to be 
apprehended, restrained, secured, and removed as alien enemies. The Presi- 
dent is authorized, in any such event, by his proclamation thereof, or other 
public act, to direct the conduct to be observed on the part of the United States 
toward the aliens who become so liable; the manner and degree of the restraint 
to which they shall be subject, and in what cases, and upon what security their 
residence shall be permitted, and to provide for the removal of those who, not 
being permitted to reside within the United States, refuse or neglect to depart 
therefrom ; and to establish any such regulations which are found necessary in 
the premises and for the public safety ; 

Whereas by sections 4068, 4069, and 4070 of the Revised Statutes, 
further provision is made relative to alien enemies; 

Xow, therefore. I, Woodrow Wilson, President of the United 
States of America, do hereby proclaim to all whom it may concern 
that a state of war exists between the United States and the Im- 



70 UNITED STATES. 

perial German Government; and I do specially direct all officers, 
civil or military, of the United States that they exercise vigilance 
and zeal in the discharge of the duties incident to such a state of 
war; and I do, moreover, earnestly appeal to all American citizens 
that they, in loyal devotion to their country, dedicated from its 
foundation to the principles of liberty and justice, uphold the laws 
of the land, and give undivided and willing support to those meas- 
ures which may be adopted by the constitutional authorities in 
prosecuting the war to a successful issue and in obtaining a secure 
and just peace; 

And, acting under and by virtue of the authority vested in me 
by the Constitution of the United States and the said sections of 
the Revised Statutes, I do hereby further proclaim and direct that 
the conduct to be observed on the part of the United States toward 
all natives, citizens, denizens, or subjects of Germany, being male 
of the age of 14 years and upwards, who shall be within the United 
States and not actually naturalized, who for the purpose of this 
proclamation and under such sections of the Revised Statutes are 
termed alien enemies, shall be as follows : 

All alien enemies are enjoined to preserve the peace toward the 
United States and to refrain from crime against the public safety, 
and from violating the laws of the United States and of the States 
and Territories thereof, and to refrain from actual hostility or 
giving information, aid, or comfort to the enemies of the United 
States, and to comply strictly with the regulations which are hereby 
or which may be from time to time promulgated by the President; 
and so long as they shall conduct themselves in accordance with law, 
they shall be undisturbed in the peaceful pursuit of their lives and 
occupations and be accorded the consideration due to all peaceful 
and law-abiding persons, except so far as restrictions may be neces- 
sary for their own protection and for the safety of the United States; 
and towards such alien enemies as conduct themselves in accordance 
with law, all citizens of the United States are enjoined to preserve 
the peace and to treat them with all such friendliness as may be 
compatible with loyalty and allegiance to the United States. 

And all alien enemies who fail to conduct themselves as so enjoined, 
in addition to all other penalties prescribed by law, shall be liable to 
restraint or to give security, or to remove and depart from the United 
States in the manner prescribed by sections 4069 and 4070 of the Re- 
vised Statutes, and as prescribed in the regulations duly promulgated 
by the President; 

And pursuant to the authority vested in me, I hereby declare and 
establish the following regulations, Avhich I find necessary in the 
premises and for the public safety : 



UNITED STATES. 7 1 

(1) An alien enemy shall not have in his possession, at any time 
or place, any firearm, weapon, or implement of war, or component 
part thereof, ammunition, maxim or other silencer, bomb or explosive 
or material used in the manufacture of explosives; 

(2) An alien enemy shall not have in his possession at any time or 
place, or use or operate any aircraft or wireless apparatus, or any 
form of signaling device, or any form of cipher code, or any paper, 
document or book written or printed in cipher in which there may 
be invisible writing; 

(3) All property found in the possession of an alien enemy in vio- 
lation of the foregoing regulations shall be subject to seizure by the 
United States; 

(4) An alien enemy shall not approach or be found within one-half 
of a mile of any Federal or State fort, camp, arsenal, aircraft station, 
Government or naval vessel, navy yard, factory, or workshop for the 
manufacture of munitions of war or of any products for the use of 
the Army or Navy; 

(5) An alien enemy shall not write, print, or publish any attack or 
threat against the Government or Congress of the United States, or 
either branch thereof, or against the measures or policy of the United 
States, or against the person or property of any person in the mili- 
tary, naval, or civil service of the United States, or of the States 
or Territories, or of the District of Columbia, or of the municipal 
governments therein ; 

(6) An alien enemy shall not commit or abet any hostile act against 
the United States, or give information, aid, or comfort to its enemies ; 

(7) An alien enemy shall not reside in or continue to reside in, 
to remain in, or enter any locality which the President may from time 
to time designate by Executive order as a prohibited area in which 
residence by an alien enemy shall be found by him to constitute a 
danger to the public peace and safety of the United States, except 
by permit from the President and except under such limitations or 
restrictions as the President may prescribe ; 

(8) An alien enemy whom the President shall have reasonable 
cause to believe to be aiding or about to aid the enemy, or to be at 
large to the danger of the public peace or safety of the United States 
or to have violated or to be about to violate any of these regulations, 
shall remove to any location designated by the President by Executive 
order, and shall not remove therefrom without permit, or shall depart 
from the United States if so required by the President ; 

(9) No alien enemy shall depart from the United States until he 
shall have received such permit as the President shall prescribe, or 
except under order of a court, judge, or justice, under sections 4069 
and 4070 of the Revised Statutes ; 



72 UNITED STATES. 

(10) No alien enemy shall land in or enter the United States, ex- 
cept under such restrictions and at such places as the President may 
prescribe ; 

(11) If necessary to prevent violation of these regulations, all 
alien enemies will be obliged to register; 

(12) An alien enemy whom there may be reasonable cause to 
believe to be aiding or about to aid the enemy, or who may be at 
large to the danger of the public peace or safety, or who violates or 
who attempts to violate, or of whom there is reasonable ground to 
believe that he is about to violate any regulation duly promulgated 
by the President, or any criminal law of the United States, or of the 
States or Territories thereof, will be subject to summary arrest by 
the United States marshal, or his deputy, or such other officer as the 
President shall designate, and to confinement in such penitentiary, 
prison, jail, military camp, or other place of detention as may be 
directed by the President. 

This proclamation and the regulations herein contained shall ex- 
fend and apply to all land and water, continental or insular, in any 
way within the jurisdiction of the United States. 

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the 
seal of the United States to be affixed. 

Done at the city of Washington, this Gth day of April, in the year 
of our Lord 1917, and of the independence of the United States the 
one hundred and forty-first. 

[seal.] Woodrow Wilson. 

By the President: 
Robert Lansing, 

Secretary of State. 



SEVERANCES OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS. 



AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY with JAPAN. 

Instructions in regard to Japan. 24 August, 1914- 

I Austro-Hungarian Red Book; LXIX.l 

Count Berchtold to Baron Miiller, Tokio. 

[Telegram.] 

Vienna, 24 August, 191 ' 4- 
The commander of H. M. S. Elisabeth has been instructed to par- 
ticipate in the action at Tsingtau. 

In view of Japan's action against our ally, the German Empire, I re- 
quest you to ask for your passports, notify consulates, and leave Japan 
for America together with our colony and the staffs of embassy and 
consulates. You will place our subjects and interests under the 
protection of the American ambassador. Passports will be handed 
to Japanese ambassador here. 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY with PORTUGAL. 

Notification of the severance of diplomatic relations with Portugal, 
dated 16 August, 1918. 

[Telegram to the Department of State from Lisbon.] 

Secretary of State, 

Washington, 16 August — 10 a. m. 
Department's telegram 361, 30 July. Germany declared war 
against Portugal on 9 March, 1916. Austria has not declared war on 
Portugal, but by virtue of her alliance with Germany, severed dip- 
lomatic relations with Portugal on 15 March, 1916. the Austrian 
minister leaving Lisbon the following day. 

Birch. 
(73) 



74 AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY with SERBIA. 

Notification of severance of diplomatic relations with Serbia, 

25 July, 191k. 

[Austro-Hungarian Red Book, No. XXIV.] 

Baron von Giesl to Count Berchtold. 

[Telegram.] 

Semlix, 25 July, 191\. 

The reply of the Royal Serbian Government to our demands of 
the 23d instant being inadequate, I have broken off diplomatic 
relations with Serbia and have left Belgrade with the staff of the 
legation. 

The reply was handed to me at 5.58 p. m. 

Notification of Austro-Hungarian severance of diplomatic relations, 

.:■', July, 191 If. 

[Serbian Blue Book.] 

No. 31. — M. Pashiteh, Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs, to 
All the Royal Legations. 

Belgrade, 12/25 July, 19U. 

To-day at 5.45 p. m. I delivered the answer to the Austro-Hun- 
garian note. You will receive to-night the exact text. You will see 
that Ave have gone as far as we could go, even to the extreme limit. 
When he received the note, the minister of Austria-Hungary de- 
clared that he must compare it with the instructions and that he 
would give me the answer immediately. As soon as I had returned 
to the ministry, the minister of Austria-Hungary informed me by 
letter that he was not satisfied with our answer, and that he would 
leave Belgrade this very evening with all the personnel of the le- 
gation. He intrusts to the minister of Germany the protection of 
the legation with all the furnishings and the archives, as well as the 
protection of the Austro-Hungarian subjects and interests in Serbia. 
Finally, he states that by the delivery of his letter diplomatic re- 
lations between Serbia and Austria-Hungary are completely broken. 

The Royal Government has summoned the Skupshtina for the 
14/27 of July at Nish, whither are going to-night all the ministries 
with their officials. In the name of the King, the Hereditary Prince 
has signed the order of mobilization for the army; to-morrow or the 
day following, a proclamation will be published in which citizens 
who are not soldiers are invited to remain quietly at home, and the 
soldiers to join the colors and to defend Serbia in the measure of 
their strength, in case she should be attacked. 



BRLGIUM. 75 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY with UNITED STATES. 

Note severing diplomatic relations with United States, 8 April, 

1917. 

Charge Grew to the Secretary of State. 
[International Law Documents, Naval War College, 1917 : 52.] 

American Embassy, 
Vienna, 8 April, 1017. 

Minister for foreign affairs has just informed me that the diplo- 
matic relations between the United States and Austria-Hungary 
are broken and has handed me passports for myself and the mem- 
bers of the embassy. He states that we may leave the Monarchy 
at your convenience and that every possible courtesy will be ex- 
tended. Am telegraphing consuls to arrange their affairs and pro- 
ceed to Vienna with a view to leaving for Switzerland if possible 
at end of week. 

Following is translation of text of note handed me by minister: 

Imperial and Royal Ministry of the Imperial and 

Royal House and of Foreign Affairs, 

Vienna, 8 April, ID 17. 

Since the United States of America has declared that a state of war exists 
between it and the Imperial German Government, Austria-Hungary, as ally 
of the German Empire, has decided to break off the diplomatic relations 
with the United States, and the Imperial and Royal Embassy in Washing- 
ton has been instructed to inform the Department of State to that effect. 

While regretting under these circumstances to see a termination of the 
personal relations which he has had the honor to held with the charge 1 d'affaires 
of the United States of America, the undersigned does not fail to place at the 
former's disposal herewith the passport for the departure from Austria- 
Hungary of himself and the other members of the embassy. 

At the same time the undersigned avails himself of the opportunity to 
renew to the charge d'affaires the expression of his most perfect consid- 
eration. 



To Mr. Joseph Clakk Grew, 

Charge" d' Affaires of the United States of America. 



CZERNIN. 



Grew. 



BELGIUM. 

BELGIUM with GERMANY. 

Note severing diplomatic relations with Germany, 4 August, 191 4. 

[Belgian Gray Book, No. 31.] 

Monsieur Davigncn, Belgian Minister for Foreign Affairs, to Herr von 

Below Saleske, German Minister. 

[Translation.] 

Brussels, 4 August, 1914- 
Sin : I have the honor to inform your excellency that from to-day 
the Belgian Government are unable to recognize your diplomatic 



76 BOLIVIA. 

status and cease to have official relations with you. Your excellency 
will find inclosed the passports necessary for your departure with 
the staff of the legation. 

(Signed) Davignon. 



BOLIVIA. 

BOLIVIA with GERMANY. 

Note severing diplomatic relation* with Germany \ 1% April, 1017. 

[Associated Press despatch, 14 April, 1017.] 

La Paz, Bolivia, 1^ April. 

The German minister and his staff have been handed their pass- 
ports by the Bolivian Government, with a note declaring that diplo- 
matic relations between Bolivia and Germany have been severed. 

The note denounces the attacks of German submarines on neutral 
vessels as violations of international law and of The Hague con- 
vention. It recalls that the Bolivian minister to Berlin was on 
board the Holland-Lloyd liner Tubantia when that vessel was sunk 
in neutral waters a year ago. The note concludes: 

Your excellency will understand that although we regret the breach of diplo- 
matic relations between Bolivia and the German Empire, such relations have 
become insupportable under existing circumstances. In consequence your excel- 
lency will find herewith passports for yourself and the members of your legation. 

The note declares that German subjects and property will enjoy 
all liberties guaranteed by law, provided that they do not commit 
any act of delinquency, either collectively or as individuals. 

Xotifi'-atfon of the severance of diplomatic relations with Germany, 

14 April, 1917. 

Bolivian Minister to the Secretary of State. 

[Archives of (he Department of State.] 

Legation of Bolivia, 
Washington, D. C, U April, 1917. 

Sir : I have the honor to inform your excellency that my Gov- 
ernment, on yesterday, delivered his passport to the German minister 
and declared the diplomatic relations between Bolivia and the 
German Empire to be broken off. 

When my Government received the communication of the Im- 
perial Government of Germany relative to the unrestricted use of 
its submarines, it not only protested against such a resolution but 
declared that on this question it stood with the Government of the 
United States in the defense of the neutral rights and the laws of 
mankind ignored by the German Government. The rupture of re- 



BRAZIL. 77 

lations consummated to-day is the natural consequence of the atti- 
tude taken by Bolivia which gladly sides with the Government of 
the United States in the holy cause of the defense of right and justice 
against the mastery of force and violence. 

I avail myself of this opportunity to reiterate to your excellency 
the sentiments of my most distinguished consideration. 

T. Calderon. 
To His Excellency the Secretary or State, 

Washington, D. C. 



BRAZIL. 

BRAZIL with GERMANY. 

X at if cat ion of severance of diplomatic relations with Germany, 

11 April, 1917. 

' [International Law Documents, Naval War College, 1917:64.] 

Rio de Janeiro, 11 April, 1917. 

Considering that the inquiry and the conclusions cabled by the 
legation at Paris on the subject of torpedoing of the steamer Parana 
established the fact that the Parana was proceeding under reduced 
speed, was illuminated outside and inside, including the shield with 
the name "Brazil," and 

Considering that the steamer received no warning to stop, accord- 
ing to the unanimous deposition of the crew, and 

Further, that the steamer was torpedoed and was shelled five times, 
and that the submarine made no attempt to save life, 

Then, in the presence of such aggravating circumstances and in 
accord with the note of 9 February and the telegram of 13 February 
sent by the Brazilian Government to the legation at Berlin, the 
Brazilian Government severs relations with German}^. 

Notification of the severance of diplomatic relation* with Germain;, 

12 April, 1917. 

The Brazilian Minister to the Secretary of State. 
[Archives of the Department of State.] 

Embassy or Brazil, "Washington, 12 April, 1917. 

]NIr. Secretary or State: I have this moment received from my 
Government instructions to advise that of your excellency that on 
yesterday his passports were handed to the minister of Germany at 
Rio de Janeiro and a telegram was sent to our minister at Berlin 
instructing him to ask for his, thus bringing to an end the diplomatic 
relations of Brazil with that Empire. 



78 CHINA. 

By note of 9 February last. Brazil protested against the manner 
in which the German Government seeks to hamper maritime com- 
merce with the enemy countries and declared that Government re- 
sponsible for injuries to persons or property of Brazilian citizens 
in the lawful exercise of their rights on the open seas if found to be 
in violation of the principles of international law or of the conven- 
tions signed between the two countries. And in order to remove all 
doubts on that point our legation at Berlin, on 13 February, notified 
the German Government that " we consider essential to the mainte- 
nance of relations with Germany that no Brazilian vessel be attacked 
in any way and under any pretense whatsoever, even that of carry- 
ing contraband of war, the belligerents having included everything 
in that class." 

My Government was grieved to hear of the sinking of the Brazilian 
steamer Parana at 11 p. m. on the 8th of this month while nearing 
the port of Cherbourg at reduced speed and showing the regulation 
lights and also in large illuminated letters the word " Brazil.*' The 
ship was not summoned to stop for an examination of her papers and 
cargo, was torpedoed without warning, five cannon shots being fired 
into her besides. Although near by and in full sight, the submarine 
extended no assistance to the shipwrecked crew. Several Brazilians 
lost their lives, others were injured in that brutal attack on a ship of 
a neutral country. The President of the United States of Brazil 
judged that the incident left no room for explanations or diplomatic 
negotiations with the Government of Germany, toward which that of 
Brazil ever fulfilled its promises and obligations freely entered into 
and, to his regret to be sure, resolved to break our diplomatic and 
commercial relations with the German Empire. 

I avail myself of this opportunity to renew to your excellency, Mr. 
Secretary of State, the assurances of my highest consideration. 

Domicio de Gam a. 

To His Excellency Mr. Robert Lansing, 

Secretary of State of the I' nit erf States of America. 



CHINA. 

CHINA with GERMANY. 

Note severing diplomatic relations with Germany, noon, 14 March, 

1017. 

[Official Documents Relating to the War, Chinese Foreign Office, 1917 : 10.] 

Chinese Foreign Office to German Minister at Peking, Peking 14 March, 

1917. 

Your Excellency: 

With reference to the new submarine policy of Germany, the Gov- 
ernment of the Republic of China, actuated by the desire to further 



COSTA RICA. 79 

the cause of the peace of the world and to maintain the sanctity of 
international law, addressed a protest to your excellency on 9 Febru- 
ary and declared that if, contrary to its expectations, its protest was 
ineffectual, the Chinese Government would be constrained to sever 
the diplomatic relations at present existing between the two coun- 
tries. During the lapse of a month no heed has been paid to the pro- 
test of the Chinese Government in the activities of German sub- 
marines, which have caused the loss of many Chinese lives. 

On 10 March a reply was received from your excellency. Although 
it states that the German Government is willing to open negotiations 
to arrive at a plan for the protection of Chinese life and property, yet 
it declares that it is difficult for Germany to cancel her blockade 
policy and, therefore, is not in accord with the object of the protest, 
and the Chinese Government, to its deep regret, considers its protest 
ineffectual. 

Therefore, the Chinese Government is constrained to sever the dip- 
lomatic relations at present existing with the German Government. 
I have the honor to send herewith a passport for your excellency, 
the members of the legation staff, and their families and retinue, for 
their protection while leaving Chinese territory. 

A.s regards the German consular officers, this ministry has in- 
structed the different commissioners for foreign affairs in the treaty 
ports to issue them similar passports for leaving the country. 

I avail, etc. 

(Signed) Wu-Tixg-Fang. 



COSTA RICA. 

COSTA RICA with GERMANY. 

Executive decree of Costa Rica severing diplomatic relations with 
the German Government, dated 21 September and published 2°2 
September, 1917. 

[Archives of the Department of State.] 
Federico Tinoco, Constitutional President of the Republic of Costa Rica. 

Whereas Costa Rica has profoundly deplored the offenses which 
German militarism commits systematically in the present war 
against all the principles resting upon morality and law, liberty and 
human Avelfare, but has nevertheless in its desire to preserve the 
strictest neutrality maintained under these circumstances the strictest 
silence; and 

Whereas this attitude does not preserve national interests from 
the effects of the policy of the German Government, whose mission 
in neutral countries is that of provoking, according to circum- 
stances, conflicts of either international or internal order : and 
92838— 19— G 



80 ECUADOR. 

Whereas it is from all points of view desirable that, in order to 
cope with this constant danger threatening us as much as possible, 
we take precautions analagous to those adopted by certain of the 
Republics of the American Continent, whose interests, at the same 
time, are firmly linked with ours by the strictest solidarity ; 

Now, therefore, in accordance with the resolve of the Council of 
Government, and in exercise of the power conferred upon him by 
paragraph 9, article 99, of the Constitution of the State, 

decrees : 

Sole Article. From this date forward diplomatic relations with 
the Government of the German Empire are suspended. 

Ordered communicated and published. 

Given in the city of San Jose this twenty-first day of September 
of the year one thousand nine hundred and seventeen. 

F. Tixoco. 

Carlos Lara, Minister of Foreign Affairs. 

Amadeo Johanning, Minister of Government and Police. 

Manuel F. Jimenez, Minister of Finance and Commerce. 

E. Brenes Mesen, Minister of Public Instruction. 

Juan B. Quiros, Minister of Promotion. 

J. J. Tinoco. Minister of War and Marine. 



ECUADOR. 

ECUADOB with GERMANY. 

Notification of severance of relations with Germany, 8 December, 

1917. 

The Minister of Ecuador to the Secretary of State. 
[Archives of the Department of State.] 

No. 47 

Legation of Ecuador, 
Washington, 8 December, 1917. 

Mr. Secretary of State : It is my very high honor to inform, by or- 
der of my Government, the Government of the United States through 
the worthy medium of the Secretary of State, that as a result of inci- 
dents instigated by German agents in Ecuador which offended the 
dignity of the nation and the spirit of continental solidarity, the 
diplomatic relations between my Government and that of Germany 
have been formally broken. 

I am pleased to put on record this event which is proof notably of 
the nation's pride and of the spirit of pan-American solidarity which 
inspires my Government but also of its deep-seated and decided ad- 
hesion to the ideas and sentiments that have left a fathomless chasm 
between the civilized world and the Government of Germany. 



FRANCE. 81 

I avail myself of this opportunity to reiterate to the Secretary of 
State the assurances of my highest and most distinguished con- 
sideration. 



To Mr. Robert Lansing, 

Secretary of State, Washington. 



R. H. Eltzalde. 



FRANCE. 

FRANCE with AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 

Note relating to severance of diplomatic relations with Austria- 
Hungary, 10 August, 191 If. 

[Austro-Hungarian Red Book, LXIII.] 

Count Szecsen to Count Berchtold. 

[Telegram.] 

Paris, 10 August, 191 If. 

Received telegram of 9th August. 

Immediately communicated contents to M. Doumergue. The 
minister, having received a similar telegraphic report from M. Du- 
maine concerning his conversation with you. is satisfied that our 
troops are not on the French frontier, but says that he has positive 
information that an Austro-Hungarian army corps has been trans- 
ported to Germany, thus enabling the latter to withdraw her own 
troops from the German territories now occupied by our forces. In 
the minister's view this facilitates the military operations of the 
Germans. 

I have repeatedly called the minister's attention to the wording of 
your reply ; he recognizes that there could be no question of an active 
participation of our troops in the Franco-German Avar, but insists 
that the presence of our troops on German territory is undeniable and 
represents military support to Germany. Under these circumstances, 
he has instructed the French ambassador in Vienna to ask im- 
mediately for his passports and to leave Vienna with the entire 
staff of the embassy to-day. 

The minister told me that, under the circumstances, my presence- 
here could be of no avail, but owing to public excitement, might even 
give rise to unpleasant incidents which he would like to avoid. He 
offered to have a special train ready to-night for my conveyance 
out of France. I replied that it would be impossible for me to 
obtain instructions from you by to-night, but in view of the recall 
of M. Dumaine, I begged him to have my passports handed to me. 



82 TRANCE. 

Notification of the severance of diplomatic- relations, 11 August, 191.',. 

[Archives of the Department of State.] 

Embassy of the French Republic 

to the United States, 
Manchester, Mass., 11 August, 191^. 

Mr. Secretary of State: The Government of the Republic has 
positive knowledge, despite the declaration of the Austro-Hungarian 
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and of the ambassador of Austria at 
Paris to the contrary, that Austrian troops have entered Germany on 
their way to the French frontier. These troops enabling the Berlin 
Government to use the forces whose place they take in German terri- 
tory had to be considered by my Government as unquestionably oper- 
ating against France, in point of law and of fact. 

The ambassador of the Republic at Vienna has consequently been 
ordered to ask for his passports. The ambassador of Austria-Hun- 
gary at Paris has likewise asked for his passports and every ar- 
rangement has been made by my Government to insure his departing 
under the usual conditions of international courtesy. 

I have the honor to bring these events to your excellency's knowl- 
edge. 

Be pleased to accept, Mr. Secretary of State, the assurances of my 
high consideration. 

Clausse. 

His Excellency the Honorable W. J. Bryan, 

Secretary of State of the United States. 

FRANCE with TURKEY. 

Notification of the sere ranee of relations with Turkey, 7 November, 

19U. 

[From a despatch to the Department of State from Constantinople.] 

* * * Early on 30 October, the Russian ambassador demanded 
his passports and his action was followed by the English and French 
ambassadors. At their request the Italian ambassador and I called 
on the Minister of the Interior and urged prompt and courteous 
action toward the departing ambassadors. This was promised and 
also that safe conduct should be granted British and French consuls. 
Russian consuls must remain till Russia has given safe conduct to 
Ottoman consuls, and neither they nor Russian citizens have yet 
received permission to depart. 



GERMANY-GREAT BRITAIN. 83 

GERMANY. 

GEEMANY with ITALY. 

Notification of the severance of diplomatic relations with Germany, 

dated 2 k May, 1915. 

[Telegram to the Department of State.] 

Secretary of State, 

Washington, 24 May — 6 p. m. 
Understand that German ambassador has asked for his passports 
and is leaving Rome to-night. 

American Embassy, Rome. 

GERMANY with JAPAN. 

Note concerning severing diplomatic relations with Japan, 23 August, 

191 ^ 

[Austro-IIungarian Red Book, LXVIII.] 
Prince Hohenlohe to Count Berchtold. 

[Telegram.] 

Berlin, 23 August, 191 4. 

The Japanese minister here has been informed by the Foreign 
Office that the German Imperial Government had no intention to 
reply to the Japanese ultimatum. The German Government has 
instructed its ambassador in Tokyo to leave Japan upon the expira- 
tion of the time limit fixejl by Japan for noon to-day. Simul- 
taneously the Japanese charge d'affaires is to be handed his pass- 
ports. 

At noon the charge d'affaires received his passports; he will leave 
Berlin to-morrow morning with the staff of the embassy. 



GREAT BRITAIN. 

GREAT BRITAIN with BULGARIA. 

Proclamation severing diplomatic relations with Bulgaria, 13 

October, 1915. 

[London Times, 13 Oct., 1915, p. 9f.] 

His Majesty's Government announce that the Bulgarian minister 
has been handed his passports and that diplomatic relations between 
Great Britain and Bulgaria have been broken off. 



84 GREECE. 

GREAT BRITAIN with TURKEY. 

Notification of severance of relations tvith Turkey, dated 7 No- 
vember, 1914. 

[From a despatch to the Department of State from Constantinople.] 

* * * Early on 30 October, the Russian ambassador demanded 
his passports and his action was followed by the English and French 
ambassadors. At their request the Italian ambassador and I called 
on the Minister of the Interior and urged prompt and courteous action 
toward the departing ambassadors. This was promised and also 
that safe conduct should be granted British and French consuls. 
Russian consuls must remain till Russia has given safe conduct to 
Ottoman consuls, and neither they nor Russian citizens have yet 
received permission to depart. 



GREECE. 

GREECE with AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 

[Text of the note of the Government of Alexander severing diplomatic rela- 
tions with Austria-Hungary is not available, According to the London Times 
of 3 July. 1917, it was identical with the note addressed to Germany. See 
below.] 

GREECE with AUSTRIA-HUNGARY and TURKEY. 

Notification of severance of diplomatic relations, 2 July, 1917. 

[Telegram to the Department of* State from Athens.] 

Secretary of State, 

Washington, D. C, 2 July, 12 noon. 
■>rl. 

Minister of Foreign Affairs informs me Greece at war Germany, 
Bulgaria. Relations broken off other central powers. 

Droppers. 



GREECE with GERMANY. 

Note severing diplomatic relations with Germany, 29 June, 1917. 

I London Times, 3 July, 1917, p. 7, d.] 
Greek Charge d' Affaires to German Foreign Office. 

In consequence of the happily effected union of the two parties 
in Greece which had hitherto been separated, and in view of the 
fact that several Greek regiments are taking part in the hostilities 
on the Balkan front, the Greek Government considers that it is 



GUATEMALA. 85 

no longer possible to maintain official relations with the German 
Government. (The same mutatis mutandi to Austro-Hungarian 
Government. ) 



GREECE with TURKEY. 
Note severing dipJomatle relation* with Turkey, 29 June, 1917. 
[See Greece with Austria-Hungary, Supra p. S4.] 



GUATEMALA. 

GUATEMALA with GERMANY. 

[Archives (if the Department of State.] 

Decree No. 727. 

Manuel Estrada Cabrera, Constitutional President of the Republic, 
considering : 

Whereas under date of 7th March of the current year the Govern- 
ment of Guatemala presented a formal protest before the Imperial 
German Government on account of the violation of international law 
involved in the procedure adopted by the German Admiralty in its 
submarine warfare in the present European war; a procedure which 
was officially communicated on the 9th of February of 1917; 

Whereas the above protest was not only disregarded as to the ces- 
sation of the above-mentioned method of procedure, but it did not 
even meet with the courtesy of a reply from the Imperial Govern- 
ment or from its diplomatic representative in Guatemala; 

Whereas such manner of proceeding constitutes a complete contra- 
vention of the rights and interests of Guatemalans, which the Gov- 
ernment has the sacred obligation to protect and safeguard, and 

Whereas due to these reasons, it becomes imperative to put in force 
such measures as will safeguard the dignity and honor of the coun- 
try and prevent future and positive evils; 

Therefore : In Cabinet meeting and in conformity to the powers 
vested in him, 

Decrees : 

Article 1. From the present date the existing diplomatic relations 
with the Imperial German Government are severed. 

Article 2. To hand his passports to His Excellenc} r Doctor Curt 
Lehmann, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of Ger- 
many in Guatemala, and to all the persons who compose his family 
and retinue, fixing a period of eight days in which they have to leave 
the national territory. At the same time Doctor Manuel Arroyo, the 
Guatemalan diplomatic representative in Germany will be instructed 



86 HAITI. 

to request from the Imperial Government his respective passport and 
to leave said country at the earliest possible time. 

Article 3. To cancel the exequaturs of the German consuls ac- 
credited to Guatemala and to withdraw the commissions from the 
national consuls accredited to that Empire. 

The Minister for Foreign Affairs is intrusted with the compliance 
of this decree, and he will communicate it to the National Legislative 
Assembly. 

Let it be communicated, published, and enacted. 

Done in the Palace of the Executive Power, in Guatemala, this 
twenty-seventh day of the month of April of one thousand nine 
hundred and seventeen. 

Manuel Estrada C. 

The Secretary of State in the Department of Finance and Public 

Credit. 

G. Aguirre. 

The Secretary of State in the Department of War. 

LUIS OVALLE. 

The Secretary of state in the Department of Public Works. 

Luis F. Mexdizabal. 

The Secretary of State in the Department of Gocernment and 

Justice. 

J. M. Eeixa Axdrade. 

The Secretary of State in the Department of Public Educat'oni. 

J. Ed. Girox. 

The Secretary of State in the Department of Foreign Relations. 

Luis Toledo Herrarte. 



HAITI. 

HAITI with GERMANY. 

The American Minister to the Secretary of State. 

[Paraphrase of telegram to the Department Of State.] 
From Port <m Prince. Dated 11 June, 1917. Reed. 18 June, 12.50 p. m. 

Secretary or State, 

Washington, 17 June. noon. 

The legation was notified by the Minister of Foreign Affairs of 
the severance of diplomatic relations between Haiti and the German 
Empire. 

The legation was requested, in connection with the above, by the 
Government of Haiti to obtain safe conduct regarding war vessels 



HONDURAS. 87 

of the United States for representative of Germany, his wife, and 
suite via a Dutch boat, whose name is not stated, to a destination, 
not given. 

Blanchard. 



HONDURAS. 

HONDURAS with GERMANY. 

Secretary of Foreign Affairs of Honduras to the Secretary of State.. 

[Archives of the Department of State.] 

Department of Foreign Relations or 

THE REPUBLIC OF HONDURAS, 

Tegucigalpa, 17 May, 1917. 

Excellency: I have the honor to inform your excellency that, in 
view of the conflict that has sprung between the United States and 
the Government of the German Empire, the Government of Hon- 
duras, impelled by the cordial friendship existing between Honduras 
and the United States of America, by their common interests and 
the sentiment of American solidarity, has resolved to join the cause 
upheld by your excellency's Government in that conflict. It there- 
fore tenders its decided cooperation in every possible way, and further 
declares that if your excellency deems it suitable to enter upon a 
convention on that subject, the Government of this Republic will 
forthwith instruct its minister at Washington to that effect. 

Trusting that your excellency's Government will accept this spon- 
taneous declaration, my Government even now assumes the attitude 
which befits the situation. 

This declaration Avas communicated to-day to the American lega- 
tion at this capital, with a request that it be cabled to your excel- 
lency's Government. 

I cherish the hope that the attitude taken by the Government of 
this Republic will be acceptable to your excellency's Government as 
a token of the sincere and loyal friendship maintained by Honduras 
with the United States of America. 

It gives me great pleasure on this occasion to reiterate to your- 
excellency the assurances of my highest and most distinguished con- 
sideration. 

Mariano Vasquez. 

To His Ex:ellency the Secretary of State 

of the United States of America, 

Washington, D. C. 



88 JAPAN- — LIBERIA. 

JAPAN. 

JAPAN with AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 

Notification of severance of diplomatic relations with Austria- 
Hungary, dated 6 August, 1918. 

[Telegram to the Department of State from Tokyo.] 

Secretary of State, 

Washington, D. C, 6 August — 6 p. m. 
Your 31st July. Japan broke relations with Austria 25 August. 
1914; has never declared war. 

Morris. 



LIBERIA. 

LIBERIA with GERMANY. 

Xote severing diplomat'/ <■ relations with Germany, 5 May, 1917. 

[Official United States Bulletin, No. 51, p. 4.] 
Mr. King, Liberian Secretary of State, to the German Consul at Monrovia. 

5 May, 1917. 

Sir: As the policies of a nation must always be adjusted to meet 
new conditions affecting its vital interests as they arise from time to 
time, so the transpiring of certain events in connection with the 
great European war which has staggered humanity in its ruthless 
operations and stupendous financial output have rendered necessary 
a change of Liberia's attitude of strict neutrality hitherto assumed 
and consistently maintained. I refer to the new German submarine 
program, drawn up by the Imperial German Government and put 
into execution on the 1st day of February of the present year, the 
detailed operations of which you are very well conversant with and 
informed. 

While Liberia has endeavored to stand aloof from a conflict, the 
original causes of which were of purely European concern and inter- 
est, yet the method adopted by the Imperial German Government 
and its allies to vindicate what they conceive to be their national 
rights and honor and to bring to their arms a speedy and successful 
victory by such means as the sinking of unarmed ships of their 
enemies and neutrals without warning, the bombardment of unde- 
fended towns and villages, and the violation of the rights of small 
neutral States, are such flagrant violations of the rules of civilized 
warfare as to justly create on the part of Liberia grave apprehen- 
sions and fears of the eventual permanent establishment of the doc- 



MONTENEGRO. 89 

trine of "might'" over "right" in the realms of international rela- 
tions, "which doctrine, if allowed to obtain, can only result in the 
complete subjugation and elimination from the sisterhood of nations 
of all small and weak States. 

Hence the Government and people of Liberia can not any longer 
in their own interest continue to view with indifference and uncon- 
cern the present world's cataclysm, especially since the new German 
submarine program seriously threatens the lives of Liberian citizens 
traveling on the high seas as passengers and crew on allied or neutral 
ships. 

Although Liberia is fully conscious of her utter inability to en- 
force upon any of the belligerent nations respect and due regard for 
the rights and safety of her citizens, yet that fact will not deter her 
from protesting, by the most effective means at her disposal, against 
any attempt to infringe upon her sacred international rights — in 
spite of the veiled threats made by the acting Imperial German con- 
sul in his published statement of " war news," issued and circulated 
in this city under the official seal of his Imperial Government on the 
21st of April, to the effect that powers of the third and last impor- 
tance will be held to strict accountability for all damage done to 
German interest, the bill for which will be presented and payment 
thereof enforced after the happy issues of the war. 

The Liberian Government is therefore constrained, as an earnest 
protest against the continued enforcement of the new German sub- 
narine program, which threatens the lives of Liberian citizens, as 
well as grave financial and economic embarrassments to the Republic, 
to sever relations with the Imperial German Government and to 
revoke the exequatur granted to Germany's official representative at 
this capital. 

With assurances of my high esteem and profound respect, I have 
the honor to subscribe myself. 
Your obedient servant, 

C. D. B. Kino, 

Secretary of State. 

MONTENEGRO. 

MONTENEGRO with GERMANY. 

Notification of the severance of diplomatic relations with German)/, 

9 August, 1914. 

[London Times, 12 Aug., 3 014, p. 6, c] 

Nish, 9 August. 1914. 
The Montenegrin Government has handed the German minister 
his passports, and hostilities with Austria began yesterday. The 
Austrian fleet has bombarded Antivari. 



90 NICARAGUA PERU. 

NICARAGUA. 

NICARAGUA with GERMANY. 

Notification of the severance of diplomatic relations with Germany, 

19 May, 1917. 

[Paraphrase of a telegram from Minister Jefferson to the Secretary of State.] 

Managua, If) 31u,/. 1017. 

Both Houses of Congress of Nicaragua yesterday afternoon passed 
a decree severing diplomatic relations with the Imperial German 
Empire. The President of the Republic was authorized by Con- 
gress to concede to the United States the use of its ports, territorial 
waters, means of communication, and all analogous facilities which 
might be found of benefit in carrying on the war with Germany. 

German subjects residing in Nicaragua will, it is declared, be per- 
mitted to continue without molestation of any kind, but they will be 
subject to the observance and respect of the laws and the authorities 
of Nicaragua. 

The Executive is given authority to regulate and make effective 
the above-mentioned orders and also to dictate any means that may 
be found necessary in his judgment for the better compliance with 
this law. 



PERU. 

PERU with GERMANY. 

Resolution severing diplomatic relations with Germany^ ~> October, 

1917. 

{ I despatch to the State Department from Lima. No. 2G4. 29 October. 101S.1 

The following resolution was finally accepted and adopted by the 
Congress of Peru : 

In view of the declarations of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and in view 
of th« principles proclaimed by the Chancellory and the Chambers, Congress 
approves the rupture of diplomatic relations with the German Empire, pro- 
posed by the Executive. — Lima, 5 October, 1917. 

Notification, of severance of diplomatic relations with Germany, 6 

October, 1917. 

[Official U. S. Bulletin. No. 131. p. 4.] 

Francisco Tudela, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Peru, to the Secretary of 
State of the United States. 

Washington, 6 October, 1917. 
Youb Excellency: From the beginning of the great war. in which 
the most powerful peoples of the world are involved, the Peruvian 



PERU. 91 

Government has strictly performed the duties imposed upon it by 
international law and has loyally maintained the neutrality of the 
Republic, trusting that its neutral rights would in turn be respected 
by the belligerents. But when the conflagration spread to the Ameri- 
can continent, notwithstanding the efforts exerted for nearly three 
years by the United States Government to keep that great people 
out of the conflict, Peru was confronted by new duties springing 
from its passionate desire for the continental solidarity that has ever 
been the goal of its foreign policy, and by the necessity of defending 
its rights from the new form of maritime warfare set up by Germany. 

That was the reason why, on receiving notice of the belligerency 
of the United States caused by the proceedings of the Berlin Govern- 
ment in violation of international law, the Peruvian Government, 
far from declaring itself neutral, recognized the justice of the stand 
taken by the Washington Government. And for the same reason the 
President of Peru, in his message to Congress, and the minister for 
foreign affairs, in the Chamber of Deputies, with the express ap- 
proval of the Parliament, solemnly affirmed the adhesion of our 
country to the principles of international justice proclaimed by 
President Wilson. 

It was the Peruvian Government's wish that the policy of the 
whole continent be a concerted ratification of the attitude of the 
Washington Government, which took up the defense of neutral 
interests and insisted on the observance of international law. But 
the course of events did not result in joint action; each country 
shaped its course in defense of its own invaded rights as it was indi- 
vidually prompted in its adherence to the principles declared by the 
United States. 

Peru, for its part, while endeavoring to give prevalence to a uni- 
form continental policy, maintained with the utmost firmness the 
integrity of its rights as a sovereign nation in the face of Germany's 
disregard of the principles of naval warfare. It was the defense 
of those rights which led it to sever its diplomatic relations with the 
Imperial Government as the result of an outrage for which it duly 
but vainly claimed appropriate reparation; the sinking of the vessel 
Lorton by a German submarine. on the coast of Spain while the ship 
was plying between neutral ports, engaged in lawful trade, without 
infringing even the German rules respecting closed zones — unknown 
to international law. 

The reluctance of the Imperial Government to meet our just 
demands according to the general principles of international law; 
the very arbitrary rules laid clown by that Government; and the 
unsuccessful presentation of a precedent in an analogous claim 
favorably entertained by it — these are the facts in which Peru reads 
the complete lack of justice that marks the course of the German 



92 EOUMANIA RUSSIA. 

Government's polic}' and the sound foundation there is for the effort 
to check that policy, so as to establish in the world a juridical 
standard that will forever cause justice to prevail in international 
relations. 

The contents of this message and the documents which I shall 
forward to your excellency will enable your Government to acquaint 
itself with the fundamental grounds upon which our attitude rests, 
and also with the negotiations with Germany above referred to, 
which the Government has now brought to an end by recalling the 
minister of the Republic at Berlin and delivering his passports to 
the representative of Germany at this capital, with the express ap- 
proval of the Parliament. 

I avail myself of this opportunity to tender to your excellency the 
assurances of my high and distinguished consideration. 

Francisco Tudfxa. 



ROTJMANIA. 

ROUMANIA with BULGARIA. 

[No text for the severance of diplomatic relations between Rou mania and Bul- 
garia is available, but tbe following extract from the Bulgarian declaration 
of war refers to the occurrence. 1 

[Revue Generale de Droit International Public, Documents, 23 : 199.] 

Finally M. RadefF has been forbidden, since 28 August, to com- 
municate with his Government. His passports were sent to him with- 
out the Bulgarian Government having been able to give him at any 
time instructions with reference to an eventual rupture of relations. 
On the 30th it was your excellency who demanded his passports and 
notified of the rupture of diplomatic relations as the natural con- 
sequence of the event which had preceded. 



RUSSIA. 

RUSSIA with BULGARIA. 

Ultimatum to Bulgaria, 3 October, 1915. 

[International Documents, Naval War College, 1917 : 208.] 
Foreign Office to Russian Minister in Bulgaria. 

The events which are taking place in Bulgaria at this moment give 
evidence of a definite decision of King Ferdinand's Government to 
place the fate of its country in the hands of Germany. 

The presence of German and Austrian officers at the ministry of 
Avar and on the staff of the army, the concentration of troops in the 
zone bordering Serbia, and the extensive financial support accepted 



RUSSIA. 93 

from our enemies by the Sofia cabinet, no longer leave any doubt as 
to the object of the military preparations of Bulgaria. 

The powers of the entente, who have at heart the realization of the 
aspirations of the Bulgarian people, have on many occasions warned 
M. Radoslavoff that any hostile act against Serbia would be con- 
sidered as directed against themselves. The assurances given by the 
head of the Bulgarian Cabinet in reply to these warnings are con- 
tradicted by the facts. 

The representative of Russia, which is bound to Bulgaria by the 
imperishable memory of her liberation from the Turkish yoke, can 
not sanction by his presence preparations for fratricidal aggression 
against a Slav and allied people. The Russian minister has, there- 
fore, received orders to leave Bulgaria with all the staffs of legation 
and consulates if the Bulgarian Government does not within 24 hours 
openly break with the enemies of the Slav cause and of Russia and 
does not at once proceed to send away officers belonging to armies of 
States which are at war with the powers of the entente. 

Notification of severance of diplomatic relations with Bulgaria, 

7 October, 1915. 

[International Law Documents, Naval War College, 1917 : 209.] 

Bulgaria's reply to the Russian ultimatum is unsatisfactory. The 
Russian minister has notified Premier Radoslavoff of a rupture of 
diplomatic relations between the two countries. 

Russian interests in Bulgaria have been confided to the Dutch 
charge d'affaires. 

Bulgaria's reply was delivered at 2.40 o'clock on the afternoon of 
5 October (Tuesday). 

RUSSIA with ROUMANIA. 

Notification of severance of relations with Roumania, dated 1 Feb- 
ruary. 1918. 

[From a despatch to the Department of State from Paris.] 

Paris, 1 February, 1918. 
Secretary or State, 

Washington, 1 February — 6 p. m. 
Joint telegram from ministers of United States, England, France, 
and Italy dated Jassy, 30 January. The President of the Council 
has to-day communicated the telegram which he addressed to the 
representatives of our Governments in Roumania informing them 
of the rupture of diplomatic relations with the Maximalist Govern- 
ment and the seizure of the Roumanian State funds deposited at 
Moscow. At the same time he made known to us the request of the 
Ukrainian Government to send Roumanian troops to Kiev, Poltawa, 
and Odessa. 



94 RUSSIA. 

RUSSIA with TURKEY. 

Note regarding severance of diplomatic relations with Turkey* 

7 November, 1911 

[From despatch to the Department of State from Constantinople.] 

* * * Early on 30 October, the Russian ambassador demanded 
his passports and his action was followed by the English and 
French ambassadors. At their request the Italian ambassador and 
I called on the Minister of the Interior and urged prompt and cour- 
teous action toward the departing ambassadors. This was promised 
and also that safe conduct should be granted British and French 
consuls. Russian consuls must remain till Russia has given safe con- 
duct to Ottoman consuls, and neither they nor Russian citizens have 
yet received permission to depart. 

Note regarding severance of diplomatic relations with Turkey, 29 

October, 191 4. 

[Second Russian Orange Book. No. 91.] 

Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs to Russian Ambassador at Con- 
stantinople. 

[Telegram.] 

Petrograd, 16 (29) October. 1914. 

The Turks opened hostilities against the unfortified port of 
Theodosia and the gunboat stationed at the port of Odessa. 

Consequently, you will please take steps for the departure of our 
consular officers, placing the protection of our interests in the hands 
of the Italian ambassador. 

In this connection you will inform the Porte that as a result of 
the said hostilities you have been ordered to leave Constantinople 
with all of your subordinate officers. 

Communicate to Bordeaux, London, Nish, Sofia, Bucharest, Rome, 

Athens, and Cettinje. 

Sazonoff. 

Notification of breaking diplomatic relations with Turkey, 2 Novem- 
ber, 1914. 

[British Pari. Papers, Misc. Xo. 13 (1914) ; 2d Russian Orange Book, Xo. 97.1 
Telegram communicated by Count Benckendorff on 2 November, 1914. 

[Translation.] 

M. Sazonoff telegraphs on 1 November, 1914, as follows: 
The Turkish charge d'affaires has just read me the following tele- 
gram from the Grand Vizier: 

I request you to inform the Minister for Foreign Affairs that we infinitely 
regret that an act of hostility, provoked by the Russian fleet, should have com 



TURKEY. 95 

promised the friendly relations of the two countries. You can assure the 
Imperial Russian Government that the Sublime Porte will not fail to give the 
question such solution as it entails, and that they will adopt fitting measures 
to prevent a recurrence of similar acts. You can declare forthwith to the 
minister that we have resolved no more to allow the imperial fleet to enter 
the Black Sea. and that we trust that the Russian fleet, on their side, will no 
longer cruise in our waters. I have the firm hope that the Imperial Russian 
Government will give proof, on this occurrence, of the same spirit of concilia- 
tion in the common interests of both countries. 

I replied to the Turkish charge d'affaires that I most categorically 
denied what he had just said respecting the initiation of hostilities 
by the Russian fleet; I told him that I feared it was too late to 
negotiate; that nevertheless, if the Sublime Porte decided upon the 
immediate dismissal of all the German military and naval officers 
and men it might be possible to consider the question, and that dis- 
cussion might not be impossible to reach some basis of satisfaction 
to be given by Turkey for the illegal act of aggression against our 
coasts and for the damage thereby inflicted. 

I authorized Fahr-Eddin to send a cipher telegram in this sense, 
but pointed out to him at the same time that the representation he 
had made in no way altered the situation. Fahr-Eddin will receive 
his passports to-morrow, and the reply from the Turkish Govern- 
ment can be sent through the Italian Embassy. 



TURKEY. 

TURKEY with BELGIUM. 

Notes relating to the severance of diplomatic relations with Belgium^ 

6 November, 191 If. 

[Second Belgian Gray Book, No. 62.] 

M. Davignon, Minister for Foreign Affairs, to M. van Ypersele de Strihou, 
Belgian Minister at Bucharest. 

[Telegram.] 

La Havre, 6 November, 191 4- 

The Turkish minister has asked for his passports. Notify the 
Belgium minister at Constantinople either directly or through the 
Roumanian Government to do the same and to leave Turkey with 
his staff and the consular officials. 

Davignon. 

[Second Belgian Gray Book, No. 64.] 

M. Davignon, Minister for Foreign Affairs, to all the Belgian Ministers in. 

Foreign Countries. 

La Havre, 9 November, 1914. 
Sir: The French Government has informed the Belgian Govern- 
ment of the state of war existing between France and Turkey, and in 
92838—19 7 



96 UNITED STATES. 

these circumstances the presence at Havre of the Turkish minister 
with the Belgian Government became delicate. Understanding the 
situation in which he was placed by the course of events His Excel- 
lency Nousret Sadoullah Bey took the initiative by asking for his 
passports and by putting Turkish interests in Belgium under the 
protection of the minister of the Netherlands. 

Under date 6 November, I sent to his excellency the passports 
which he had asked for, and remarked that, according to the interpre- 
tation of the Belgian Government, the rupture of diplomatic relations 
in no way implied a state of war between the two countries. 

The Belgian minister at Constantinople has received instructions 
to ask for his passports and leave Turkey. The care of Belgian 
interests in Turkey has been entrusted to the ambassador of the 
United States of America. 

Davignon. 
TURKEY with UNITED STATES. 

Note severing diplomatic relations with the United States, 
20 April, 1917. 

[Archives of the Department of State.] 

Sublime Porte, 
Minister of Foreign Affairs, Office of the Minister, 

W April, 1917. 
Mr. Ambassador: The embassy of the United States of America 
having informed the Imperial Ministry of Foreign Affairs by its 
note verbale of 8 April, 1917, No. 2122, that its Government is in a 
state of war with the German Empire, I have the honor to inform 
your excellency that the Imperial Ottoman Government, ally of this 
Empire, is obliged to break its diplomatic relations with the Govern- 
ment of the United States of America beginning from to-day. 

Please accept, Mr. Ambassador, the assurance of my highest esteem. 

(Signed) Ahmed Nessimi. 

His Excellency Mr. Elkus, 

Ambassador of the United States of America. 



UNITED STATES. 

UNITED STATES with GERMANY. 

Note severing diplomatic relations with Germany, 3 February, 1917. 

[International Law Documents, Naval War College, 1917 : 222.] 
The Secretary of State to the German Ambassador. 

No. 2307. 

Washington, 3 February, 1917. 

Excellency: In acknowledging the note with accompany! ng 
memoranda, which you delivered into my hands on the afternoon 



UNITED STATES. 97 

of 31 January, and which announced the purpose of your Govern- 
ment as to the future conduct of submarine warfare, I would direct 
your attention to the following statements appearing in the cor- 
respondence which has passed between the Government of the United 
States and the Imperial German Government in regard to submarine 
warfare. 

This Government on 18 April, 1916, in presenting the case of the 
Sussex, declared— 

If it is still the purpose of the Imperial Government to prosecute relentless 
and indiscriminate warfare against' vessels of commerce by the use of sub- 
marines without regard to what the Government of the United States must 
consider the sacred and indisputable rules of international law and the uni- 
versally recognized dictates of humanity, the Government of the United States 
is at last forced to the conclusion that there is but one course it can pursue. 
Unless the Imperial Government should now immediately declare and effect 
an abandonment of its present methods of submarine warfare against passen- 
ger and freight-carrying vessels, the Government of the United States can have 
no choice but to sever diplomatic relations with the German Empire al- 
together. 

In reply to the note from which the above declaration is quoted 
your excellency's Government stated in a note dated 1 May, 1916 — 

The German Government, guided by this idea, notifies the Government of the 
United States that the German naval forces have received the following orders: 
In accordance with the general principles of visit and search and destruction 
of merchant vessels recognized by international law, such vessels, both within 
and without the area declared as naval war zone, shall not be sunk without 
warning and without saving human lives, unless these ships attempt to escape 
or offer resistance. 

But neutrals can not expect that Germany, forced to fight for her existence, 
shall, for the sake of neutral interests, restrict the use of an effective weapon 
if her enemy is permitted to continue to apply at will methods of warfare 
violating the rides of international law. Such a demand would be incom- 
patible with the character of neutrality, and the German Government is con- 
vinced that the Government of the United States does not think of making 
such a demand, knowing that the Government of the United States has repeat- 
edly declared that it is determined to restore the principle of the freedom of the 
seas, from whatever quarter it has been violated. 

To this reply this Government made answer on 8 May, 1916, in the 
following language : 

The Government of the United States feels it necessary to state that it takes 
it for granted that the Imperial German Government does not intend to imply 
that the maintenance of its newly announced policy is in any way contingent 
upon the course or result of diplomatic negotiations between the Government of 
the United States and any other belligerent Government, notwithstanding the 
fact that certain passages in the Imperial Government's note of the 4th instant 
might appear to be susceptible of that construction. In order, however, to 
avoid any possible misunderstanding, the Government of the United States 
notifies the Imperial Government that it can not for a moment entertain, much 



98 URUGUAY. 

less discuss, a suggestion that respect by German naval authorities for the 
fights of citizens of the United States upon the high seas should in any way or 
in the slightest decree lie made contingent upon the conduct of any other Gov- 
ernment affecting the rights of neutrals and noncombatants. Responsibility in 
such, matters is single, not joint ; absolute, not relative. 

To this Government's note of 8 May no reply was made by the Im- 
perial Government. 

In one of the memoranda accompanying the note under acknowl- 
edgment, after reciting certain alleged illegal measures adopted by 
Germany's enemies, this statement appears: 

The Imperial Government, therefore, does not doubt that the Government of 
the United States will understand the situation thus forced upon Germany ny 
the entente allies' brutal methods of war and by their determination to de- 
stroy the central powers, and that the Government of the United States will 
further realize that the uow openly disclosed intentions of the entente allies 
give back to Germany the freedom of action which she reserved in her note 
addressed to the Government of the United States on 4 May, 1916. 

Under these circumstances Germany will meet the illegal measures of her 
enemies by forcibly preventing, after 1 February, 1917. in a zone around Great 
Britain. France, Italy, and in the eastern Mediterranean all navigation, that ot 
neutrals included, from and to England and from and to France, etc. All 
ships met within the zone will be sunk. 

In view of this declaration, which withdraws suddenly and with- 
out prior intimation the solemn assurance given in the Imperial Gov- 
ernment's note of 1 May, 1916, this Government has no alternative 
consistent with the dignity and honor of the United States but to 
take the course which it explicitly announced in its note of 18 April, 
1916, it would take in the event that the Imperial Government did 
not declare and effect an abandonment of the methods of submarine 
warfare then employed and to which the Imperial Government now 
purposes again to resort. 

The President has. therefore, directed me to announce to your ex- 
cellency that all diplomatic relations between the United States and 
the German Empire are severed, and that the American ambassador 
at Berlin will be immediately withdrawn, and in accordance with 
such announcement to deliver to your excellency your passports. 

I have, etc, 

Eobert Lansing. 



URUGUAY. 

URUGUAY with GERMANY. 

Decree severing diplomatic relation* with Germany, 7 October, 1917. 

[Official U. S. Bulletin, No. 128, p. 1.] 

Montevideo, 7 October, 1017. 
In view of the authority granted the executive power by law of the 
nation of this date, authorizing said power to declare diplomatic and 

LBJ e '20 



URUGUAY. 99 

commercial relations broken between Uruguay and the Imperial Gov- 
ernment and the reasons which have caused the legislative decision 
which are absolutely shared by the executive power, the President of 
the Republic at a general cabinet meeting decrees : 

Article 1. From the date of the present decree diplomatic and 
commercial relations between Uruguay and the German Imperial 
Government remain broken. 

Article '2. That the respective passports be handed over to the 
diplomatic representative of that Government, all the guarantees for 
his personal safety being granted to him at the same time until his 
removal from the country. 

Article 3. That telegraphic instruction be transmitted to the func- 
tionaries of the Republic in office in Germany to the effect that they 
immediately abandon the German territory, requesting the same 
guarantees which are granted to the German representative by the 
Government of Uruguay. 

VlERA. 

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